TY - EDBOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - This collection of essays is the first volume in a new series, Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy. Edited by the series editors, it focuses on the economic performance of the Roman empire, analysing the extent to which Roman political domination of the Mediterranean and north-west Europe created the conditions for the integration of agriculture, production, trade, and commerce across the regions of the empire. Using the evidence of both documents and archaeology, the contributors suggest how we can derive a quantified account of economic growth and contraction in the period of the empire's greatest extent and prosperity. AU - Bowman, A. K. AU - Wilson, A. I. CY - Oxford DA - 2009 N1 - Introduction: Approaches 1. Quantifying the Roman Economy: Integration, Growth, Decline? Alan Bowman and Andrew Wilson Part I: Urbanisation 2. Urbanisation as a proxy of demographic and economic growth. Elio Lo Cascio 3. Response to Elio Lo Cascio Roger Bagnall Part II: Field survey and demography 4. Archaeology, Demography and Roman economic growth Wim Jongman 5. Peopling the countryside: Roman demography in the Albegna Valley and Jerba. Elizabeth Fentress 6. Peopling ancient landscapes: Potential and problems. David Mattingly Part III: Agriculture 7. Quantifying Egyptian agriculture. Alan Bowman 8. Response to Alan Bowman Roger Bagnall Part IV: Trade 9. Approaches to quantifying Roman trade Andrew Wilson 10. Approaches to quantifying Roman trade: Response Michael Fulford 11. A comment on Andrew Wilson: ‘Approaches to quantifying Roman trade’ William Harris Part V: Coinage 12. Coinage and metal supply Bruce Hitchner 13. Roman silver coinage: mints, metallurgy, and production. Matthew Ponting 14. Some numismatic approaches to quantifying the Roman economy Chris Howgego Part VI: Prices, earnings and standards of living 15. Earnings and costs: living standards and the Roman economy. Dominic Rathbone 16. How prosperous were the Romans? Bob Allen 17. New ways of studying incomes in the Roman economy Walter Scheidel PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2009 ST - Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and problems T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and problems ID - 1 ER - TY - EDBOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - This volume presents a collection of studies focussing on population and settlement patterns in the Roman empire in the perspective of the economic development of the Mediterranean world between 100 BC and AD 350. The analyses offered here highlight the issues of regional and temporal variation in Italy, Spain, Britain, Egypt, Crete, and Asia Minor from classical Greece to the early Byzantine period. The chapters fall into two main groups, the first dealing with the evidence for rural settlement, as revealed by archaeological field surveys, and the attendant methodological problems of extrapolating from that evidence a view of population; and the second with city populations and the phenomenon of urbanization. They proceed to consider hierarchies of settlement in the characteristic classical pattern of city plus territory, and the way in which those entities are defined from the highest to the lowest level: the empire as 'city of Rome plus territory', then regional and local hierarchies, and, more precisely, the identity and the nature of the 'instruments' which enables them to function in economic cohesion. AU - Bowman, A. K. AU - Wilson, A. I. CY - Oxford DA - 2011 N1 - Introduction A. Bowman & A. Wilson Survey Method and Data 1. Estimating Ancient Greek Populations: The Evidence of Field Survey S. Price 2. Missing Persons? Models of Mediterranean Regional Survey and Ancient Populations R. Witcher 3. Calculating Ploughzone Demographics: Some insights from arid zone surveys D. Mattingly 4. Rural Settlement and Population Extrapolation, a Case Study from the ager of Antium, central Italy (350 BC–AD 400) P. Attema and T. de Haas Urbanization 5. Cities, Demography, and Development in the Roman Empire N. Morley 6. City Sizes and Urbanization in the Roman Empire A. Wilson 7. Rank-size analysis of Roman cities in Iberia and Britain A. Marzano 8. The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity J. Hanson 9. Towns and Territories in Roman Baetica S. Keay & G. Earl 10. Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt: Population and Settlement A. Bowman PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2011 ST - Settlement, Urbanisation and Population T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Settlement, Urbanisation and Population ID - 2 ER - TY - EDBOOK A2 - Bowman, A. K. A2 - Wilson, A. I. AB - This volume is a collection of studies which presents new analyses of the nature and scale of Roman agriculture in the Mediterranean world from c. 100 BC to AD 350. It provides a clear understanding of the fundamental features of Roman agricultural production through studying the documentary and archaeological evidence for the modes of land exploitation and the organization, development of, and investment in this sector of the Roman economy. Moving substantially beyond the simple assumption that agriculture was the dominant sector of the ancient economy, the volume explores what was special and distinctive about it, especially with a view of its development and integration during a period of expansion and prosperity across the empire. The papers exemplify a range of possible approaches to studying and, within limits, quantifying aspects of Roman agricultural production, marshalling a large quantity of evidence, chiefly archaeological and papyrological, to address important questions of the organization and performance of this sector in the Roman world. This volume publishes papers of the OXREP conference on 'The Agricultural Economy: Production and Consumption'. AU - Bowman, A. K. AU - Wilson, A. I. CY - Oxford N1 - 1. Introduction: Quantifying Roman Agriculture Alan Bowman and Andrew Wilson 2. The State and Production in the Roman Agrarian Economy Dennis Kehoe 3. GIS Models of Roman Agricultural Production Helen Goodchild 4. Agricultural Production in the Hinterland of Rome: Wine and Olive Oil Annalisa Marzano 5. Capital Investment and Agriculture: Multi-Press Facilities from Gaul, the Iberian Peninsula and the Black Sea region Annalisa Marzano 6. The Rural Landscape of Thugga: Farms, Presses, Mills and Transport Mariette de Vos 7. Agricultural Productivity in Roman Egypt Alan Bowman 8. The Agricultural Economy of the Mendesian Nome during the Roman Period Katherine Blouin 9. Mechanical irrigation: water-lifting devices in the archaeological evidence and in the Egyptian papyri Myrto Malouta and Andrew Wilson (with accompanying database) 10. Agriculture in the Faynan: Food Supply for Industry Hannah Friedman PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2013 ST - The Roman Agricultural Economy: Organization, Investment, and Production T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - The Roman Agricultural Economy: Organization, Investment, and Production ID - 3 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - The World of the Fullo takes a detailed look at the fullers, craftsmen who dealt with high-quality garments, of Roman Italy. Analyzing the social and economic worlds in which the fullers lived and worked, it tells the story of their economic circumstances, the way they organized their workshops, the places where they worked in the city, and their everyday lives on the shop floor and beyond. Through focusing on the lower segments of society, Flohr uses everyday work as the major organizing principle of the narrative: the volume discusses the decisions taken by those responsible for the organization of work, and how these decisions subsequently had an impact on the social lives of people carrying out the work. It emphasizes how socio-economic differences between cities resulted in fundamentally different working lives for many of their people, and that not only were economic activities shaped by Roman society, they in turn played a key role in shaping it. Using an in-depth and qualitative analysis of material remains related to economic activities, with a combined study of epigraphic and literary records, this volume portrays an insightful view of the socio-economic history of urban communities in the Roman world. AU - Flohr, Miko CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2013 ST - The World of the Fullo. Work, Economy and Society in Roman Italy T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - The World of the Fullo. Work, Economy and Society in Roman Italy ID - 4 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - Harvesting the Sea provides the first systematic treatment of the exploitation of various marine resources, such as large-scale fishing, fish salting, salt and purple-dye production, and oyster and fish-farming, in the Roman world and its role within the ancient economy. Bringing together literary, epigraphic, and legal sources, with a wealth of archaeological data collected in recent years, Marzano shows that these marine resources were an important feature of the Roman economy and, in scope and market-oriented production, paralleled phenomena taking place in the Roman agricultural economy on land. The book also examines the importance of technological innovations, the organization of labour, and the use of the existing legal framework in defence of economic interests against competitors for the same natural resource. AU - Marzano, A. CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2013 ST - Harvesting the Sea. The Exploitation of Marine Resources in the Roman Mediterranean T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Harvesting the Sea. The Exploitation of Marine Resources in the Roman Mediterranean ID - 5 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - The use of stone in vast quantities is a ubiquitous and defining feature of the material culture of the Roman world. In this volume, Russell provides a new and wide-ranging examination of the production, distribution, and use of carved stone objects throughout the Roman world, including how enormous quantities of high-quality white and polychrome marbles were moved all around the Mediterranean to meet the demand for exotic material. The long-distance supply of materials for artistic and architectural production, not to mention the trade in finished objects like statues and sarcophagi, is one of the most remarkable features of the Roman world. Despite this, it has never received much attention in mainstream economic studies. Focusing on the market for stone and its supply, administration, distribution, and chronology of quarrying, Russell offers a detailed assessment of the practicalities of stone transport and how the relationship between producer and customer functioned even over considerable distances. AU - Russell, Ben CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2013 ST - The Economics of the Roman Stone Trade T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - The Economics of the Roman Stone Trade ID - 6 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - Between the Roman annexation of Egypt and the Arab period, the Nile Delta went from consisting of seven branches to two, namely the current Rosetta and Damietta branches. For historians, this may look like a slow process, but on a geomorphological scale, it is a rather fast one. How did it happen? How did human action contribute to the phenomenon? Why did it start around the Roman period? And how did it impact on ancient Deltaic communities? This volume reflects on these questions by focusing on a district of the north-eastern Delta called the Mendesian Nome. The Mendesian Nome is one of the very few Deltaic zones documented by a significant number of papyri. To date, this documentation has never been subject to a comprehensive study. Yet it provides us with a wealth of information on the region's landscape, administrative geography, and agrarian economy. Starting from these papyri and from all available evidence, this volume investigates the complex networks of relationships between Mendesian environments, socio-economic dynamics, and agro-fiscal policies. Ultimately, it poses the question of the 'otherness' of the Nile Delta, within Egypt and, more broadly, the Roman Empire. Section I sets the broader hydrological, documentary, and historical contexts from which the Roman-period Mendesian evidence stem. Section II is dedicated to the reconstruction of the Mendesian landscape, while section III examines the strategies of diversification and the modes of valorization of marginal land attested in the nome. Finally, section IV analyses the socio-environmental crisis that affected the nome in the second half of the second century AD. AU - Blouin, Katherine CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2014 ST - Triangular Landscapes. Environment, Society, and the State in the Nile Delta under Roman Rule T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Triangular Landscapes. Environment, Society, and the State in the Nile Delta under Roman Rule ID - 7 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - In this volume, Philip Kay examines economic change in Rome and Italy between the Second Punic War and the middle of the first century BC. He argues that increased inflows of bullion, in particular silver, combined with an expansion of the availability of credit to produce significant growth in monetary liquidity. This, in turn, stimulated market developments, such as investment farming, trade, construction, and manufacturing, and radically changed the composition and scale of the Roman economy. Using a wide range of evidence and scholarly investigation, Kay demonstrates how Rome, in the second and first centuries BC, became a coherent economic entity experiencing real per capita economic growth. Without an understanding of this economic revolution, the contemporaneous political and cultural changes in Roman society cannot be fully comprehended or explained. AU - Kay, Philip CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2014 ST - Rome's Economic Revolution T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Rome's Economic Revolution ID - 8 ER - TY - EDBOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - Explanation of the success and failure of the Roman economy is one of the most important problems in economic history. As an economic system capable of sustaining high production and consumption levels, it was unparalleled until the early modern period. This volume focuses on how the institutional structure of the Roman Empire affected economic performance both positively and negatively. An international range of contributors offers a variety of approaches that together enhance our understanding of how different ownership rights and various modes of organization and exploitation facilitated or prevented the use of land and natural resources in the production process. Relying on a large array of resources – literary, legal, epigraphic, papyrological, numismatic, and archaeological – chapters address key questions regarding the foundations of the Roman Empire's economic system. Questions of growth, concentration and legal status of property (private, public, or imperial), the role of the state, content and limitations of rights of ownership, water rights and management, exploitation of indigenous populations, and many more receive new and original analyses that make this book a significant step forward to understanding what made the economic achievements of the Roman empire possible. AU - Erdkamp, Paul AU - Verboven, Koenraad AU - Zuiderhoek, Arjan CY - Oxford N1 - 1: Introduction: Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World in Historiographical and Theoretical Perspective - Arjan Zuiderhoek 2: Agriculture, Division of Labour, and the Paths to Economic Growth - Paul Erdkamp Part I: Ownership and Control 3: Landed Wealth in the Long Term: Patterns, Possibilities, Evidence - Kyle Harper 4: The Development of Imperial Property - Elio Lo Cascio 5: Imperial Wealth in Roman Egypt: The Julio-Claudian ousiai - Laurens Tacoma 6: Property Rights over Land and Economic Growth in the Roman Empire - Dennis Kehoe 7: Ownership and Control: Property Rights and Insitutional Arrangements - Éva Jakab 8: Water Use and Productivity in Roman Agriculture: Selling, Sharing, Servitudes - Christer Bruun 9: Control and Management of Water in Ostrogothic Italy - Yuri A. Marano Part II: Organization and Modes of Exploitation 10: The Nature of the Villa Economy - Alessandro Launaro 11: The Variety of Villa Production: From Agriculture to Aquaculture - Annalisa Marzano 12: The African Boom: The Origins of Economic Growth in Roman North Africa - Matthew S. Hobson 13: The Local Economy of Palmyra: Organizing Agriculture in an Oasis Environment - Julia Hoffmann-Salz 14: Changes in Animal Husbandry as a Consequence of Changing Social and Economic Patterns: Zooarchaeological Evidence from the Roman Mediterranean Context - Michael MacKinnon Part III: Exploitation and Processing 15: Salt in Asia Minor: An Outline of Roman Authority Interest in the Resource - Isabella Tsigarida 16: Imperial Quarries and the Emperor - Alfred M. Hirt 17: The Mining, Minting, and Obtaining of Gold in the Roman Empire - Fernando López Sánchez Conclusions PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2015 ST - Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World T2 - Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy TI - Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World ID - 9 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - André Tchernia is one of the leading experts on amphorae as a source of economic history, a pioneer of maritime archaeology, and author of a wealth of articles on Roman trade, notably the wine trade. This book brings together the author's previously published essays, updated and revised, with recent notes and prefaced with an entirely new synthesis of his views on Roman commerce with a particular emphasis on the people involved in it. The book is divided into two main parts. The first is a general study of the structure of Roman trade: Landowners and traders, traders' fortunes, the matter of the market, the role of the state, and dispatching what is required. It tackles the recent debates on Roman trade and Roman economy, providing, original and convincing answers. The second part of the book is a selection of 14 of the author's published papers. They range from discussions of general topics such as the ideas of crisis and competition, the approvisioning of Ancient Rome, trade with the East, to more specialized studies, such as the interpretation of the AD 33 crisis. Overall, the book contains a wealth of insights into the workings of ancient trade and expertly combines discussion of the material evidence-especially of amphorae and wrecks-with the prosopographical approach derived from epigraphic, papyrological and historical data. AU - Tchernia, A. CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2016 ST - The Romans and Trade T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - The Romans and Trade ID - 10 ER - TY - EDBOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - This volume, featuring sixteen contributions from leading Roman historians and archaeologists, sheds new light on approaches to the economic history of urban craftsmen and traders in the Roman world, with a particular emphasis on the imperial period. Combining a wide range of research traditions from all over Europe and utilizing evidence from Italy, the western provinces, and the Greek-speaking east, this edited collection is divided into four sections. It first considers the scholarly history of Roman crafts and trade in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, focusing on Germany and the Anglo-Saxon world, and on Italy and France. Chapters discuss how scholarly thinking about Roman craftsmen and traders was influenced by historical and intellectual developments in the modern world, and how different (national) research traditions followed different trajectories throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The second section highlights the economic strategies of craftsmen and traders, examining strategies of long-distance traders and the phenomenon of specialization, and presenting case studies of leather-working and bread-baking. In the third section, the human factor in urban crafts and trade—including the role of apprenticeship, gender, freedmen, and professional associations—is analysed, and the volume ends by exploring the position of crafts in urban space, considering the evidence for artisanal clustering in the archaeological and papyrological record, and providing case studies of the development of commercial landscapes at Aquincum on the Danube and at Sagalassos in Pisidia. AU - Wilson, Andrew I. AU - Flohr, Miko CY - Oxford N1 - Introduction Part I: Approaches 1: Miko Flohr and Andrew Wilson: Roman Craftsmen and Traders: Towards an Intellectual History 2: Carla Salvaterra and Alessandro Cristofori: Twentieth Century Italian Research on Craftsmen, Traders, and their Professional Organizations in the Roman World 3: Jean-Pierre Brun: The Archaeology of Ancient Urban Workshops: A French Approach? Part II: Strategies 4: Candace Rice: Mercantile Specialization and Trading Communities: Economic Strategies in Roman Maritime Trade 5: Kai Ruffing: Driving Forces for Specialization: Market, Location Factors, Productivity Improvements 6: Carol van Driel-Murray: Fashionable Footwear: Craftsmen and Consumers in the North-West Provinces of the Roman Empire 7: Nicolas Monteix: Contextualizing the Operational Sequence: Pompeian Bakeries as a Case Study Part III: People 8: Christel Freu: Disciplina, patrocinium, nomen: The Benefits of Apprenticeship in the Roman World 9: Lena Larsson Lovén: Women, Trade, and Production in the Urban Centres of Roman Italy 10: Wim Broekaert: Freedmen and Agency in Roman Business 11: Nicolas Tran: The Social Organization of Commerce and Crafts in Ancient Arles: Heterogeneity, Hierarchy, and Patronage 12: Ilias Arnaoutoglou: Hierapolis and its Professional Associations: A Comparative Analysis Part IV: Space 13: Penelope Goodman: Working Together: Clusters of Artisans in the Roman City 14: Kerstin Dross-Krüpe: Spatial Concentration and Dispersal of Roman Textile Crafts 15: Orsolya Láng: Industry and Commerce in the City of Aquincum 16: Jeroen Poblome: The Potters of Ancient Sagalassos Revisited Index PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2016 ST - Urban Craftsmen and Traders in the Roman World T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Urban Craftsmen and Traders in the Roman World ID - 11 ER - TY - EDBOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - This volume presents fourteen papers by Roman archaeologists and historians discussing approaches to the economic history of Pompeii, and the role of the Pompeian evidence in debates about the Roman economy. Four themes are discussed. The first of these is the position of Pompeii and its agricultural environment, discussing the productivity and specialization of agriculture in the Vesuvian region, and the degree to which we can explain Pompeii's size and wealth on the basis of the city's economic hinterland. A second issue discussed is what Pompeians got out of their economy: how well-off were people in Pompeii? This involves discussing the consumption of everyday consumer goods, analyzing archaeobotanical remains to highlight the quality of Pompeian diets, and discussing what bone remains reveal about the health of the inhabitants of Pompeii. A third theme is economic life in the city: how are we to understand the evidence for crafts and manufacturing? How are we to assess Pompeii's commercial topography? Who were the people who actually invested in constructing shops and workshops? In which economic contexts were Pompeian paintings produced? Finally, the volume discusses money and business: how integrated was Pompeii into the wider world of commerce and exchange, and what can the many coins found at Pompeii tell us about this? What do the wax tablets found near Pompeii tell us about trade in the Bay of Naples in the first century AD? Together, the chapters of this volume highlight how Pompeii became a very rich community, and how it profited from its position in the centre of the Roman world. AU - Flohr, Miko AU - Wilson, Andrew I. CY - Oxford N1 - Introduction: Investigating an Urban Economy - Miko Flohr and Andrew Wilson Part I: City and Hinterland 1: The Agricultural Economy of Pompeii: Surplus and Dependence - Girolamo Ferdinando de Simone 2: Quantifying Pompeii: Population, Inequality, and the Urban Economy - Miko Flohr Part II: Quality of Life 3: Consumer Behaviour in Pompeii: Theory and Evidence - Nick M. Ray 4: Sewers, Archaeobotany, and Diet at Pompeii and Herculaneum - Erica Rowan 5: Skeletal Remains and the Health of the Population at Pompeii - Estelle Lazer Part III: Economic Life and its Contexts 6: Measuring the Movement Economy: A Network Analysis of Pompeii - Eric Poehler 7: Urban Production and the Pompeian Economy - Nicolas Monteix 8: Wealthy Entrepreneurs and the Urban Economy: Insula VI 1 in its Wider Economic Contexts - Damian Robinson 9: The Economics of Pompeian Painting - Domenico Esposito Part IV: Money and Trade 10: Reevaluating Pompeii's Coin-Finds: Monetary Transactions and Urban Rubbish in the Retail Economy of an Ancient City - Steven J. R. Ellis 11: Bes, Butting Bulls, and Bars: The Life of Coinage at Pompeii - Richard Hobbs 12: Currency and Credit in the Bay of Naples in the First Century AD - Koenraad Verboven 13: Conflicts, Contract Enforcement, and Business Communities in the Archive of the Sulpicii - Wim Broekaert Part V: Discussion 14: Pompeii Revisited - Willem Jongman PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2017 ST - The Economy of Pompeii T2 - Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy TI - The Economy of Pompeii ID - 12 ER - TY - EDBOOK A2 - Bowman, Alan K. A2 - Wilson, Andrew I. AB - This volume presents eighteen papers by leading Roman historians and archaeologists discussing trade in the Roman Empire during the period c.100 BC to AD 350. It focuses especially on the role of the Roman state in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army. As part of a novel interdisciplinary approach to the subject, the chapters address its myriad facets on the basis of broadly different sources of evidence: historical, papyrological, and archaeological. They are grouped into three sections, covering institutional factors (taxation, legal structures, market regulation, financial institutions); evidence for long-distance trade within the empire in wood, stone, glass, and pottery; and trade beyond the frontiers, with the east (as far as China), India, Arabia, the Red Sea, and the Sahara. Rome's external trade with realms to the east emerges as being of particular significance, but it is in the eastern part of the empire itself where the state appears to have adapted the mechanisms of taxation in collaboration with the elite holders of wealth to support its need for revenue. On the other hand, the price of that collaboration, which was in effect a fiscal partnership, ultimately led in the longer term in slightly different forms in the east and the west to a fundamental change in the political character of the empire. AU - Wilson, Andrew AU - Bowman, Alan K. CY - Oxford N1 - Frontmatter List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors 1: Introduction: Trade, Commerce, and the State, Andrew Wilson and Alan Bowman I. Institutions and the State 2: The State and the Economy: Fiscality and Taxation, Alan Bowman 3: Law, Commerce, and Finance in the Roman Empire, Boudewijn Sirks 4: Market Regulation and Transaction Costs in the Roman Empire, Elio Lo Cascio 5: Financial Institutions and Structures in the Last Century of the Roman Republic, Philip Kay 6: Nile River Transport under the Romans, Colin Adams II. Trade within the Empire 7: The Indispensable Commodity: Notes on the Economy of Wood in the Roman Mediterranean, W. V. Harris 8: Stone-Use and the Economy: Demand, Distribution, and the State, Ben Russell 9: An Overview of the Circulation of Glass in Antiquity, Danièle Foy 10: Procurators' Business? Gallo-Roman Sigillata in Britain in the Second and Third Centuries AD, Michael Fulford 11: The Distribution of African Pottery under the Roman Empire: Evidence vs Interpretation, Michel Bonifay 12: The Supply Networks of the Roman East and West: Interaction, Fragmentation, and the Origins of the Byzantine Economy, Paul Reynolds 13: Prices and Costs in the Textile Industry in the Light of the Lead Tags from Siscia, Ivan Radman-Livaja 14: Exports and Imports in Mauretania Tingitana: The Evidence from Thamusida, Emanuele Papi III. Trade beyond the Frontiers 15: The Silk Road between Syria and China, David F. Graf 16: Egypt and Eastern Commerce during the Second Century AD and Later, Roberta Tomber 17: Money and Flows of Coinage in the Red Sea Trade, Dario Nappo 18: The Port of Qana', a Junction between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: The Underwater Evidence, Barbara Davidde 19: Trade across Rome's Southern Frontier: The Sahara and the Garamantes, Andrew Wilson Endmatter Index PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2018 ST - Trade, Commerce, and the State T2 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Trade, Commerce, and the State ID - 13 ER -