TY - JOUR AU - A.G. DO - 10.2307/30094467 IS - 69 PY - 1929 SP - 157–158 ST - review of The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India by E. H. Warmington T2 - Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review TI - review of The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India by E. H. Warmington VL - 18 ID - 5 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Adhya, G. L. CY - London PB - Publishing PY - 1966 RN - Review: Sharma, R. S. (1967). ‘Indo-Roman trade’, Economic and Political Weekly 2.20: 917–918. ST - Early Indian Economics: Studies in the economic life of northern and western India, c. 200 B.C.–300 A.D. TI - Early Indian Economics: Studies in the economic life of northern and western India, c. 200 B.C.–300 A.D. ID - 69 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Agius, Dionysius A. AU - Cooper, John P. AU - Trakadas, Athena AU - Zazzaro, Chiara CY - Oxford M1 - 2346 PB - Archaeopress PY - 2012 ST - Navigated Spaces, Connected Places: Proceedings of Red Sea Project V held at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 T2 - BAR International Series TI - Navigated Spaces, Connected Places: Proceedings of Red Sea Project V held at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 ID - 133 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Clavel-Lévèque, Monique A2 - Hermon, Ella AU - Aubert, Jean Jacques CY - Paris PB - Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté PY - 2004 SP - 219–252 ST - Aux origines du canal de Suez? Le canal du Nil à Mer Rouge revisité T2 - Espaces intégrés et ressources naturelles dans l'Empire Romain : actes du colloque de l'Université de Laval-Québec, 5-8 mars 2003 TI - Aux origines du canal de Suez? Le canal du Nil à Mer Rouge revisité ID - 194 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Avanzini, A. CY - Roma PB - «L'Erma» di Bretschneider PY - 2008 ST - A Port in Arabia between Rome and the Indian Ocean (3rd C. BC–5th C. AD) TI - A Port in Arabia between Rome and the Indian Ocean (3rd C. BC–5th C. AD) ID - 117 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bagnall, R. S. AU - Bülow-Jacobsen, A. AU - Cuvigny, H. IS - 1 PY - 2001 SP - 325-333 ST - Security and water on the Eastern Desert roads: The prefect Iulius Ursus and the construction of praesidia under Vespasian T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - Security and water on the Eastern Desert roads: The prefect Iulius Ursus and the construction of praesidia under Vespasian VL - 14 ID - 191 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bagnall, R. S. AU - Helms, C. AU - Verhoogt, A. M. F. W. CY - Brussels PB - Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth PY - 2005 ST - Documents from Berenike: Texts from the 1999–2001 seasons TI - Documents from Berenike: Texts from the 1999–2001 seasons ID - 166 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bagnall, R. S. AU - Manning, J. G. AU - Sidebotham, Steven AU - Zitterkopf, R. E. IS - 142 PY - 1996 SP - 317-330 ST - A Ptolemaic inscription from Bir ‘Iayyan T2 - Chronique d’Égypte TI - A Ptolemaic inscription from Bir ‘Iayyan VL - 71 ID - 184 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ball, John CY - Cairo PB - Government Press, Bulâq PY - 1942 ST - Egypt in the Classical Geographers TI - Egypt in the Classical Geographers ID - 123 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnes, T. D. DO - 10.2307/1192517 IS - 1 PY - 1994 SP - 91–94 ST - review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley and R. P. de Puma T2 - Phoenix TI - review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley and R. P. de Puma VL - 48 ID - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reconsidered here are the chronology and significance of the important South Indian coastal site of Arikamedu, which was excavated by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1945 and Jean-Marie Casal in 1947-1950. Finds of fragmentary amphorae and Arretine ware in stratified contexts led Wheeler to identify the site as an Indo-Roman trading station, which he believed was founded during the time of Augustus and lasted for about two centuries. Even though subsequent investigations revealed conflicting evidence, Wheeler's basic interpretation has gone unchallenged until now; as a result it has become increasingly difficult to formulate a coherent picture of South Indian culture sequences during the Early Historical period. Reassessment of Wheeler's and Casal's material suggests that the date of the founding of Arikamedu should be pushed back to the middle of the third century B. C., while its first trade contacts with the Mediterranean world may have been established by the late second century B. C. The Arretine ware phase can now be dated more precisely to the first quarter of the first century A. C. (instead of the second quarter, as Wheeler had suggested); amphorae occur in substantially earlier levels, and Rouletted Ware in earlier levels still. Although the Arikamedu Rouletted Ware was probably manufactured locally, the technique of "rouletting" must have been introduced from the West, probably sometime in the second century B. C. Since Arikamedu thus seems to have functioned as a maritime trading center long before the time of Augustus, a new perspective emerges upon the question of South Indian trade with the Mediterranean area AU - Begley, Vimala DO - 10.2307/504104 PY - 1983 SP - 461–481 ST - Arikamedu reconsidered T2 - American Journal of Archaeology TI - Arikamedu reconsidered VL - 87 ID - 88 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Begley, Vimala PY - 1993 SP - 93–108 ST - New investigations at the port of Arikamedu T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - New investigations at the port of Arikamedu VL - 6 ID - 89 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Begley, Vimala AU - De Puma, Richard Daniel CY - Madison, Wis. LA - eng PB - University of Wisconsin Press PY - 1991 RN - Reviews: Sinopoli, C. M. (1992). ‘review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley and Richard Daniel De Puma’, The Journal of Asian Studies 51.4: 948–949. Salles, J. F. (1994). ‘review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley, Richard Daniel de Puma’, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 25.1: 103–107. Barnes, T. D. (1994). ‘review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley and R. P. de Puma’, Phoenix 48.1: 91–94. SN - 9780299126407 ST - Rome and India: The ancient sea trade T2 - Wisconsin Studies in Classics TI - Rome and India: The ancient sea trade ID - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Glover, I A2 - Bellwood, P. AU - Bellina, B. AU - Glover, I. CY - London PB - Routledge Curzon PY - 2004 SP - 68–88 ST - The archaeology of early contact with India and the Mediterranean world, from the fourth century BC to the fourth century AD T2 - Southeast Asia: From prehistory to history TI - The archaeology of early contact with India and the Mediterranean world, from the fourth century BC to the fourth century AD ID - 50 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benjamin, Rowland, Jr. DO - 10.2307/3047209 PY - 1949 SP - 1–10 ST - The Hellenistic Tradition in Northwestern India T2 - The Art Bulletin TI - The Hellenistic Tradition in Northwestern India VL - 31 ID - 30 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bíró, M. T. PY - 1985 SP - 419–430 ST - The Indian ivory comb from Gorsium T2 - Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae TI - The Indian ivory comb from Gorsium VL - 37 ID - 37 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blagg, T. F. C. PY - 1990 SP - 131–137 ST - Column capitals with elephant-head volutes at Petra T2 - Levant TI - Column capitals with elephant-head volutes at Petra VL - 22 ID - 119 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Blue, L. AU - Cooper, J. P. AU - Thomas, R. AU - Whitewright, J. CY - Oxford M1 - 2052 PB - Archaeopress PY - 2009 ST - Connected Hinterlands: Proceedings of Red Sea Project IV held at the University of Southampton, September 2008 T2 - BAR International Series TI - Connected Hinterlands: Proceedings of Red Sea Project IV held at the University of Southampton, September 2008 ID - 129 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Agius, Dionisius A. A2 - Cooper, John P. A2 - Trakadas, Athena A2 - Zazzaro, Chiara AU - Blue, Lucy AU - Hill, J. D. AU - Thomas, Ross CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2012 SP - 91–100 ST - New light on the nature of Indo-Roman trade: Roman period shipwrecks in the northern Red Sea SV - 2346 T2 - Navigated Spaces, Connected Places. Proceedings of Red Sea Project V held at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 T3 - BAR International Series TI - New light on the nature of Indo-Roman trade: Roman period shipwrecks in the northern Red Sea ID - 134 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boast, Robin PY - 2002 SP - 165–170 ST - Mortimer Wheeler's science of order: the tradition of accuracy at Arikamedu T2 - Antiquity. A Quarterly Review of Archaeology TI - Mortimer Wheeler's science of order: the tradition of accuracy at Arikamedu VL - 76 ID - 91 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Bacchielli, Lidiano A2 - Aravantinos, Margherita Bonanno AU - Bonacasa, Nicola CY - Roma M1 - La Tripolitania - L'Italia e l'Occidente PB - «L'Erma» di Bretschneider PY - 1996 SP - 49–60 ST - Un rilievo marmoreo con il Trionfo Indiano nella Basilica Giudiziaria di Sabratha T2 - Studi Miscellanei 29. Scritti di antichità in memoria di Sandro Stucchi, Vol. 2 TI - Un rilievo marmoreo con il Trionfo Indiano nella Basilica Giudiziaria di Sabratha VL - 2 ID - 39 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Langdon, J. S. A2 - Reinert, S. W. A2 - Allen, J. S. A2 - Ioannides, C. P. AU - Bowersock, G. W. CY - New Rochelle, N.Y. PB - Aristide D. Caratzas PY - 1993 SP - 3–8 ST - The new Greek inscription from South Yemen T2 - TO ELLENIKON: Studies in Honor of Speros Vryonis, Jr TI - The new Greek inscription from South Yemen VL - 1 ID - 108 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brodersen, K. PY - 1999 SP - 215 ST - India and the Hellenistic world - Karttunen,K T2 - Journal of Hellenic Studies TI - India and the Hellenistic world - Karttunen,K VL - 119 ID - 32 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bruyère, B. CY - Le Caire PB - Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale PY - 1966 ST - Fouilles de Clysma-Qolzoum (Suez) 1930–1932 T2 - Fouilles de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire TI - Fouilles de Clysma-Qolzoum (Suez) 1930–1932 ID - 138 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bukharin, M. D. PY - 2006 SP - 135-140 ST - Romans in the southern Red Sea T2 - Arabia TI - Romans in the southern Red Sea VL - 3 ID - 176 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burke, K. S. PY - 2004 SP - 125-132 ST - Quseir al-Qadim T2 - Oriental Institute Annual Report TI - Quseir al-Qadim UR - http://oi.uchicago.edu/pdf/03-04_Quseir.pdf VL - 2003-2004 ID - 151 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cappers, R. T. J. CY - Los Angeles PB - Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA PY - 2006 RN - Review: Zuiderhoek, A. (2006). Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2006.10.41 http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2006/2006-10-41.html ST - Roman Foodprints at Berenike: Archaeobotanical evidence of subsistence and trade in the Eastern Desert of Egypt TI - Roman Foodprints at Berenike: Archaeobotanical evidence of subsistence and trade in the Eastern Desert of Egypt ID - 170 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Casson, Lionel PY - 1980 SP - 21–36 ST - Rome's trade with the East: the sea voyage to Africa and India T2 - Transactions of the American Philological Association TI - Rome's trade with the East: the sea voyage to Africa and India VL - 110 ID - 43 ER - TY - BOOK AB - The Periplus Maris Erythraei, "Circumnavigation of the Red Sea," is the single most important source of information for ancient Rome's maritime trade in these waters (i.e., the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and western Indian Ocean). Written in the first century A.D. by a Greek merchant or skipper, it is a short manual for the traders who sailed from the Red Sea ports of Roman Egypt to buy and sell in the various ports along the coast of eastern Africa, southern Arabia, and western India. This edition, in many ways the culmination of a lifetime of study devoted to Rome's merchant marine and her trade with the east, provides an improved text of the Periplus, along with a lucid and reliable translation, a comprehensive general commentary that treats in particular the numerous obscure place-names and technical terms that occur, and a technical commentary that deals with grammatical, lexicographical, and textual matters for readers competent in Greek. An extensive introduction places the Periplus in its historical context AU - Casson, Lionel CY - Princeton, N.J. PB - Princeton University Press PY - 1989 RN - Review: Whitehouse, D. (1990). ‘The Periplus Maris Erythraei’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 3: 489–493. ST - The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with introduction, translation, and commentary TI - The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with introduction, translation, and commentary ID - 60 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Casson, Lionel PY - 1993 SP - 247–260 ST - Ptolemy II and the hunting of African elephants T2 - Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association TI - Ptolemy II and the hunting of African elephants VL - 123 ID - 131 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Champakalakshmi, R. CY - New Delhi PB - Oxford University Press PY - 1999 ST - Trade, Ideology and Urbanization. South India 300 BC to AD 1300 T2 - Oxford India Paperbacks TI - Trade, Ideology and Urbanization. South India 300 BC to AD 1300 ID - 74 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Colman-Norton, P. R. AU - Charlesworth, M. CY - Princeton, N.J. PB - Princeton University Press PY - 1951 SP - 131–143 ST - Roman trade with India: a resurvey T2 - Studies in Roman Economic and Social History in Honour of Allan Chester Johnson TI - Roman trade with India: a resurvey ID - 25 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cimino, Rosa Maria PY - 1998 SP - 369–387 ST - Un Eros in India T2 - La Parola del Passato: rivista di studi antichi TI - Un Eros in India VL - 53 ID - 81 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cobb, Matthew Adam PY - 2014 SP - 89–116 ST - The exchange of goods from Italy to India during the early Roman Empire: The range of travelling times T2 - Ancient West & East TI - The exchange of goods from Italy to India during the early Roman Empire: The range of travelling times VL - 13 ID - 202 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cobb, Matthew Adam DO - doi:10.1163/15685209-12341378 PY - 2015 SP - 362–418 ST - The chronology of Roman trade in the Indian Ocean from Augustus to early third century T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - The chronology of Roman trade in the Indian Ocean from Augustus to early third century VL - 58 ID - 198 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There has been a continuing debate about the extent to which the Roman Empire suffered an economic imbalance in its trade with India (and more broadly the East), that is to say whether in volume or value the Roman Empire imported more than it exported. This imbalance is often thought to be manifested in the export of Roman gold and silver to India and the connected notion that other goods from the Roman Empire were seen as merely items of ballast. It is the intention of this article to place this debate in a practical context by demonstrating not only the physical need for mixed cargoes on ships sailing to India, but also the negligible amount of space taken up by the gold and silver. It is argued that in terms of volume (if not value) goods in kind were far more significant. AU - Cobb, Matthew Adam DO - 10.1111/ojoa.12055 PY - 2015 SP - 185–203 ST - Balancing the trade: Roman cargo shipments to India T2 - Oxford Journal of Archaeology TI - Balancing the trade: Roman cargo shipments to India VL - 34 ID - 203 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cohn, W. DO - 10.2307/872018 IS - 642 PY - 1956 SP - 337–338 ST - review of Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers by Mortimer Wheeler; Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum by Douglas Barrett T2 - The Burlington Magazine TI - review of Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers by Mortimer Wheeler; Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum by Douglas Barrett VL - 98 ID - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Blue, L. AU - Cooper, J. P. CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2009 SP - 195-209 ST - Egypt’s Nile-Red Sea canals: Chronology, location, seasonality and function SV - 2052 T2 - Connected Hinterlands: Proceedings of Red Sea Project IV held at the University of Southampton September 2008 T3 - BAR International Series TI - Egypt’s Nile-Red Sea canals: Chronology, location, seasonality and function ID - 196 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Harris, W. V. A2 - Iara, K. AU - Cooper, J. P. CY - Portsmouth, Rhode Island PB - Journal of Roman Archaeology PY - 2011 SP - 189-210 ST - No easy option: Nile versus Red Sea in ancient and mediaeval north-south navigation SV - 84 T2 - Maritime Technology in the Ancient Economy: Ship-Ddesign and navigation T3 - JRA Supplement TI - No easy option: Nile versus Red Sea in ancient and mediaeval north-south navigation ID - 132 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cox, A. AU - Van der Veen, M. PY - 2008 SP - 181-189 ST - Changing foodways: watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) consumption in Roman and Islamic Quseir al-Qadim, Egypt’, T2 - Vegetation History and Archaeobotany TI - Changing foodways: watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) consumption in Roman and Islamic Quseir al-Qadim, Egypt’, VL - 17 (suppl. 1) ID - 155 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Cuvigny, H. CY - Le Caire PB - Institut français d’archéologie orientale PY - 2003 ST - La route de Myos Hormos. L’armée romaine dans le désert oriental d’Égypte: Praesidia du désert de Bérénice TI - La route de Myos Hormos. L’armée romaine dans le désert oriental d’Égypte: Praesidia du désert de Bérénice ID - 189 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wilson, A. A2 - Bowman, A. K. AU - Davidde, Barbara CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2018 SP - 579–589 ST - The port of Qana’, a junction between the Indian Ociean and the Mediterranean Sea T2 - Trade, Commerce, and the State T3 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - The port of Qana’, a junction between the Indian Ociean and the Mediterranean Sea ID - 212 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - de Maigret, A. A2 - Antonini, S. AU - Davidde, Barbara AU - Petriaggi, Roberto CY - Milano M1 - Catalogo della Mostra, Roma, Fondazione Memmo dal 6 aprile al 30 giugno 2000 PB - Skira PY - 2000 SP - 240–243 ST - Ricerche archeologiche subacquee nel porto di Qâni' T2 - Yemen. Nel paese della regina di Saba TI - Ricerche archeologiche subacquee nel porto di Qâni' ID - 110 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Gräfin von Schmettow, Hildegard AU - Davidde, Barbara AU - Petriaggi, Roberto CY - Lübstorf PB - Archäologisches Landesmuseum PY - 2000 SE - 35 SP - 171–175 ST - Il Mediterraneo e l'Oriente: il commercio del vino e la diffusione delle anfore Dressel 2/4 attraverso il contributo della ricerca subacquea T2 - Schutz des Kulturerbes unter Wasser. Veränderungen europäischer Lebenskultur durch Fluß- und Seehandel. Beiträge zum Internationalen Kongreß für Unterwasserarchäologie (IKUWA '99). 18.-21. Februar 1999 in Sassnitz auf Rügen T3 - Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns TI - Il Mediterraneo e l'Oriente: il commercio del vino e la diffusione delle anfore Dressel 2/4 attraverso il contributo della ricerca subacquea ID - 111 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davidde, Barbara AU - Petriaggi, Roberto AU - Williams, David F. PY - 2004 SP - 85–100 ST - New data on the commercial trade of the harbour of Kanê through the typological and petrographic study of the pottery T2 - Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies TI - New data on the commercial trade of the harbour of Kanê through the typological and petrographic study of the pottery VL - 34 ID - 109 ER - TY - JOUR AU - De Jong, J. W. IS - 4 PY - 1999 SP - 362–367 ST - Klaus Karttunen, India and the Hellenistic World T2 - Indo-Iranian Journal TI - Klaus Karttunen, India and the Hellenistic World VL - 42 ID - 33 ER - TY - JOUR AU - De Maigret, Alessandro PY - 2003 ST - La route caravanière de l’encens dans l’Arabie préislamique. Éléments d’information sur son itinéraire et sa chronologie T2 - Chroniques Yémenites TI - La route caravanière de l’encens dans l’Arabie préislamique. Éléments d’information sur son itinéraire et sa chronologie UR - http://cy.revues.org/160 VL - 11 ID - 120 ER - TY - BOOK AU - de Maigret, Alessandro AU - Antonini, S. CY - Milano PB - Skira PY - 2000 ST - Yemen. Nel paese della regina di Saba: Catalogo della Mostra, Roma, Fondazione Memmo dal 6 aprile al 30 giugno 2000 TI - Yemen. Nel paese della regina di Saba: Catalogo della Mostra, Roma, Fondazione Memmo dal 6 aprile al 30 giugno 2000 ID - 112 ER - TY - BOOK AU - De Romanis, Federico CY - Roma PB - «L’Erma» di Bretschneider PY - 1996 RN - Review: Desanges, J. (1999). ‘Cassia, cinnamon, obsidian. Men and merchandise between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea – Italian – De Romanis, F’, Latomus.Revue d’études latines 58.2: 451–453. ST - Cassia, cinnamomo, ossidiana : uomini e merci tra Oceano indiano e Mediterraneo TI - Cassia, cinnamomo, ossidiana : uomini e merci tra Oceano indiano e Mediterraneo ID - 14 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Villari, Rosario AU - De Romanis, Federico CY - Roma PB - Laterza PY - 2002 SP - 21–70 ST - Traianos potamos. Mediterraneo e Mar Rosso da Traiano a Maometto SV - 28 T2 - Controllo degli stretti e insediamenti militari nel Mediterraneo T3 - Percorsi TI - Traianos potamos. Mediterraneo e Mar Rosso da Traiano a Maometto ID - 195 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - De Romanis, Federico CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 80–160 ST - Rome and the Notía of India: Relations between Rome and Southern India from 30 BC to the Flavian Period T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - Rome and the Notía of India: Relations between Rome and Southern India from 30 BC to the Flavian Period ID - 57 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - De Romanis, Federico CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 161–237 ST - Romanukharattha and Taprobane: Relations between Rome and Sri Lanka in the first century AD T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - Romanukharattha and Taprobane: Relations between Rome and Sri Lanka in the first century AD ID - 58 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - De Romanis, Federico AU - Tchernia, A. CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 1997; reprint 2005 RN - Reviews: Lerner, J. D. (1999). ‘Crossings: Early Mediterranean contacts with India – DeRomanis,F, Tchernia,A’, American Journal of Archaeology. The Journal of the Archaeological Institute of America 103.4: 702. Whittaker, C. R. (2000). ‘Contacts with India [review article]’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 13.2: 691–692. ST - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India ID - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent archaeological work at sites that engaged in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade reveals that the ports of Myos Hormos, Berenike, Clysma, Aila, Adulis and Qana' experienced broadly similar settlement peaks and troughs between the 1st and 7th centuries AD. The material remains of these settlements indicate that trade was at its peak in the 1st–2nd centuries AD, declined in the 3rd century, and revived again in the 4th–5th centuries. Four of the sites were abandoned in the 6th or 7th centuries, which signals probable shifts in the pattern of commerce and may well indicate transformations in the nature and scale of trade in the Red Sea and India. AU - Decker, Michael PY - 2010 SP - 193–220 ST - Settlement and trade in the Red Sea in Late Antiquity: An archaeological perspective T2 - Ancient West and East TI - Settlement and trade in the Red Sea in Late Antiquity: An archaeological perspective VL - 9 ID - 210 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Desanges, J. IS - 2 PY - 1999 SP - 451–453 ST - Cassia, cinnamon, obsidian. Men and merchandise between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea – Italian – De Romanis, F T2 - Latomus. Revue d’études latines TI - Cassia, cinnamon, obsidian. Men and merchandise between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea – Italian – De Romanis, F VL - 58 ID - 15 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dognini, C. IS - 1 PY - 1997 SP - 71–77 ST - Alessandro Magno e la conoscenza dell’Iliade in India T2 - Aevum.Rassegna di Scienze storiche, linguistiche e filologiche TI - Alessandro Magno e la conoscenza dell’Iliade in India VL - 71 ID - 29 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Agius, D. A. A2 - Cooper, J. P. A2 - Trakadas, A. A2 - Zazzaro, C. AU - Durand, C. CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2012 SP - 85-90 ST - Crossing the Red Sea: The Nabataeans in the Egyptian Eastern Desert SV - 2346 T2 - Navigated Spaces, Connected Places. Proceedings of Red Sea Project V held at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 T3 - BAR International Series TI - Crossing the Red Sea: The Nabataeans in the Egyptian Eastern Desert ID - 192 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Maiuri, Marco AU - Falk, Harry CY - Leiden PB - E. J. Brill PY - 2015 SP - 97–113 ST - Indian gold crossing the Indian Ocean through the millennia T2 - Across the Ocean: Nine essays on Indo-Mediterranean trade T3 - Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition TI - Indian gold crossing the Indian Ocean through the millennia ID - 204 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Filliozat, Jean DO - 10.2307/40947766 PY - 1949 SP - 1–29 ST - Les échanges de l'Inde et de l'empire romain aux premiers siècles de l'ère chrétienne T2 - Revue historique TI - Les échanges de l'Inde et de l'empire romain aux premiers siècles de l'ère chrétienne VL - 201 ID - 41 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In conquering Egypt, the Roman Empire secured direct access to the centuries-old Indian Ocean trade network that in Roman times brought together China, India, Southeast Asia, Parthia, Arabia, and Africa as well as the Roman Mediterranean. Far from being a product of Schumpeterian objectless expansion, Rome's conquest of Egypt fit into a broader strategic logic that sought to extend Roman control over eastern entrepôts. Despite its centrality to the Mediterranean wing of the world economy and its ability to extract surplus from its own provinces, the hub of this global economy remained India, whose linchpin emporia were able to extract surplus from the Roman Empire. AU - Fitzpatrick, Matthew P. DO - 10.2307/23011677 PY - 2011 SP - 27–54 ST - Provincializing Rome: The Indian Ocean trade network and Roman imperialism T2 - Journal of World History TI - Provincializing Rome: The Indian Ocean trade network and Roman imperialism VL - 22 ID - 59 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Arikamedu in southeast India was the birthplace of a glass bead industry which supplied much of the Old World with drawn monochrome Indo-Pacific beads for more than 2,000 years. The industry was begun in the third century BC, and the beadmakers subsequently moved to other sites in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand to continue their craft. A remnant of the industry still survives in southern India. In addition, other types of beads were made from the raw stock of the Indo-Pacific beads at Arikamedu and the other sites. Arikamedu was also a major lapidary center, and stone beadmaking there and at the other sites is also reviewed. Both of these craft/industries called for many specialized operations, comparable to modern Indian glass and stone beadmaking operations AU - Francis, Peter, Jr. DO - 10.2307/124727 PY - 1991 SP - 28–43 ST - Beadmaking at Arikamedu and beyond T2 - World Archaeology TI - Beadmaking at Arikamedu and beyond VL - 23 ID - 90 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - Fussman, Gerard CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 66–71 ST - The Periplus and the political history of India T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - The Periplus and the political history of India ID - 64 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gaur Sundaresh, A. S. AU - Tripati, S. AU - Gudigar, P. AU - Vora, K. H. AU - Bandodker, S. N. IS - 1 PY - 2001 SP - 95–108 ST - A group of 20 stone anchors from the waters of Dwarka, on the Gujarat Coast, India T2 - International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration TI - A group of 20 stone anchors from the waters of Dwarka, on the Gujarat Coast, India VL - 30 ID - 98 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The technological history of diamonds as tools in the ancient world is even more obscure than their use as gemstones. Our experimental evidence for the use of diamonds in Arikamedu is southeast India, ca. 250 B. C.-A. D. 300, is the earliest thus far reported. Wheeler found a bead workship in Arikamedu, as well as strong evidence for trade with Rome. The Romans are very likely to have learned to use diamond splinters as drills in Arikamedu. Pliny states that diamond splinters "are much sought after by engravers of gems" (HN 37.15.61). Further literary evidence, both Sanskrit and Roman, adds weight to our finding. Additional references, although meager, help trace the continued use of diamonds as engraving tools after the fall of Rome through the Sassanian and Islamic periods. Evidence is lacking for the European Middle Ages, but documentation for Europe re-emerges in Europe in the 15th century A. C. Diamonds are still used in the modern industrial world, in modern crafts, as well as in the remote beadmaking village of Cambay, India. Here a diamond-hafted bow drill is still currently in use for drilling beads. Beads from Cambay, in fact, provided the initial clues in interpreting our subsequent experimental evidence AU - Gorelick, Leonard AU - Gwinnett, A. John DO - 10.2307/505249 PY - 1988 SP - 547–552 ST - Diamonds from India to Rome and beyond T2 - American Journal of Archaeology TI - Diamonds from India to Rome and beyond VL - 92 ID - 78 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guasti, L. IS - 2 PY - 2003 SP - 370–383 ST - Le rotte oceaniche per l’India in eta imperiale: tempi e percorsi T2 - Kilo TI - Le rotte oceaniche per l’India in eta imperiale: tempi e percorsi VL - 85 ID - 55 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is an attempt to reconsider in the light of the extant sources including the latest archaeological findings in India, Red Sea coast and Egypt, some of the long sustained assumptions about the Indian role in the classical eastern Mediterranean transmarine commerce. Perusing the political economy of the early Mediterranean exchange relations with the southern West Coast, the paper seeks to argue that the expression, ‘Indo-Roman trade’ popularized by Indian historiography is a misnomer, for what had happened was literally Roman trade with the East having India little or no role in it. Some Tamils might have accompanied the traders in the Arab or Mediterranean ships, probably as merchant middlemen, suppliers of trade goods and providers of other services on board. Even if we assume that Tamil chiefs had some role in shipping merchandises at least up to the Red Sea coast, the question of various capability pre-requisites for arranging agents, managers, and intermediaries for the rest of jobs including stay till the next Monsoon Wind, would remain, because such capabilities were unlikely in a chiefdom level polity. Further, the classical Mediterranean trade by nature was too systematized, extensively networked, document based, and monetized to have been compatible to contemporary Tamil chiefdoms of redistributive economy, reciprocity and politics of plunder. AU - Gurukkal, Rajan PY - 2013 SP - 181–206 ST - Classical Indo-Roman trade: A historiographical reconsideration T2 - Indian Historical Review TI - Classical Indo-Roman trade: A historiographical reconsideration VL - 40 ID - 199 ER - TY - BOOK AB - The book is a critical rethinking of the nature of the classical eastern Mediterranean exchange relations with the coasts of the Indian sub-continent. It examines in the light of the extant source material and theoretical insights whether the expression 'Indo - Roman trade' is tenable. The book characterizing the nature of contemporary exchanges in detail, maintains that the expression, 'Indo-Roman trade' is inappropriate. It starts off with the theoretical premise that the term 'trade' if applies uniformly to all kinds of transactions in time and place, will lead to many anachronistic correlations, causations and generalisations about the nature of early forms of exchange. An important factor is that contemporary Mediterranean exchange of goods from the eastern world was a combination of multiple forms of exchange in which trade was just one and confined to Rome. The management of this ensemble was a heavily collaborative, extensively networked, document based, enterprise, with precise notions of weights, measures, rates of rent, interest, price and profit accounted in terms of money. It had necessitated a stratified society, aristocracy, state system and the entailing political economy of demand for luxury goods from far off lands. The book dismisses the claims in the South Indian historiography for the early historic Tamil Chieftains to have conducted overseas commerce, on the ground that such institutional and structural pre-requisites were absent in the social formations of contemporary Peninsular India. It was not possible for the merchant bodies to conduct independent overseas trade for there was no naval technology in the sub-continent efficient enough to conduct cross-oceanic voyages. There was no need for it either. AU - Gurukkal, Rajan CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2016 ST - Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman trade. Political economy of Eastern Mediterranean exchange relations TI - Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman trade. Political economy of Eastern Mediterranean exchange relations ID - 200 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Sauer, Eberhard AU - Howard-Johnston, James CY - Edinburgh PB - Edinburgh University Press PY - 2017 SP - 284–304 ST - The India trade in Late Antiquity T2 - Sasanian Persia. Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia TI - The India trade in Late Antiquity ID - 211 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnston, L. D. DO - 10.2307/3296500 IS - 3 PY - 1971 SP - 280–281 ST - review of The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C.–A.D. 641 by J. Innes Miller T2 - The Classical Journal TI - review of The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C.–A.D. 641 by J. Innes Miller VL - 66 ID - 7 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, Barri PY - 1992 SP - 14–17 ST - On the incense trail - From the Empty Quarter to the Indian Ocean T2 - Minerva TI - On the incense trail - From the Empty Quarter to the Indian Ocean VL - 3 ID - 121 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jones, Christopher P. DA - 2001 PY - 2001 SP - 185–200 ST - Apollonius of Tyana's passage to India T2 - Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies TI - Apollonius of Tyana's passage to India VL - 42 ID - 56 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Karttunen, K. CY - Helsinki PB - Finnish Oriental Society PY - 1997 RN - Reviews: Brodersen, K. (1999). ‘India and the Hellenistic world – Karttunen,K’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 119: 215. De Jong, J. W. (1999). ‘Klaus Karttunen, India and the Hellenistic World’, Indo-Iranian Journal 42.4: 362–367. ST - India and the Hellenistic World TI - India and the Hellenistic World ID - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kulke, Hermann DO - 10.2307/3632507 PY - 1993 SP - 154–180 ST - "A Passage to India": Temples, merchants and the ocean T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - "A Passage to India": Temples, merchants and the ocean VL - 36 ID - 45 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lerner, J. D. IS - 4 PY - 1999 SP - 702 ST - Crossings: Early Mediterranean contacts with India – DeRomanis, F, Tchernia, A T2 - American Journal of Archaeology TI - Crossings: Early Mediterranean contacts with India – DeRomanis, F, Tchernia, A VL - 103 ID - 17 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - MacDowall, D. W. A2 - Jha, Amiteshwar AU - MacDowall, D. W. CY - Maharashtra PB - IIRNS Publications PY - 2003 SP - 39–44 ST - The Indo-Roman metal trade T2 - Foreign Coins Found in the Indian Sub-Continent: 4th International Colloquium, 8th-10th January 1995 TI - The Indo-Roman metal trade ID - 83 ER - TY - BOOK AU - MacDowall, D. W. AU - Jha, A. CY - Maharashtra PB - IIRNS Publications PY - 2003 ST - Foreign Coins Found in the Indian Subcontinent: 4th International Colloquium, 8th-10th January 1995 TI - Foreign Coins Found in the Indian Subcontinent: 4th International Colloquium, 8th-10th January 1995 ID - 82 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Margabandhu, C. DO - 10.2307/3596384 PY - 1965 SP - 316–322 ST - Trade contacts between western India and the Graeco-Roman world in the early centuries of the Christian era T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - Trade contacts between western India and the Graeco-Roman world in the early centuries of the Christian era VL - 8 ID - 42 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maxfield, V. IS - 2 PY - 2000 SP - 698-701 ST - Berenike on the Red Sea and its hinterland T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - Berenike on the Red Sea and its hinterland VL - 13 ID - 161 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayerson, Philip PY - 1992 SP - 1–4 ST - The island of Iotabê in the Byzantine sources: A reprise T2 - Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research TI - The island of Iotabê in the Byzantine sources: A reprise VL - 287 ID - 141 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayerson, Philip PY - 1993 SP - 169 ST - A Confusion of Indias: Asian India and African India in the Byzantine Sources T2 - Journal of the American Oriental Society TI - A Confusion of Indias: Asian India and African India in the Byzantine Sources VL - 113 ID - 46 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayerson, Philip PY - 1995 SP - 33–35 ST - A note on Iotabe and several other islands in the Red Sea T2 - Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research TI - A note on Iotabe and several other islands in the Red Sea VL - 298 ID - 142 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayerson, Philip PY - 1996 SP - 119–126 ST - The port of Clysma (Suez) in transition from Roman to Arab rule T2 - Journal of Near Eastern Studies TI - The port of Clysma (Suez) in transition from Roman to Arab rule VL - 55 ID - 139 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayerson, Philip PY - 1996 SP - 61–64 ST - Egeria and Peter the Deacon on the site of Clysma (Suez) T2 - Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt TI - Egeria and Peter the Deacon on the site of Clysma (Suez) VL - 33 ID - 140 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - Mazzarino, Santo CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 72–79 ST - On the name of the Hipalus (Hippalus) Wind in Pliny T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - On the name of the Hipalus (Hippalus) Wind in Pliny ID - 52 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mclaughlin, R. CY - London PB - Continuum PY - 2010 ST - Rome and the Distant East: Trade routes to the ancient lands of Arabia, India and China TI - Rome and the Distant East: Trade routes to the ancient lands of Arabia, India and China ID - 21 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Meyer, C. CY - Cairo M1 - 53 PB - Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago PY - 1992 RN - Review: Nicholson, P. T. (1997). ‘Glass from Quseir al-Qadim and the Indian Ocean trade – Meyer, C’, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83: 240–242. ST - Glass from Quseir al-Qadim and the Indian Ocean Trade T2 - Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization TI - Glass from Quseir al-Qadim and the Indian Ocean Trade ID - 148 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Seland, Eivind Heldaas AU - Meyer, Jørgen Christian CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2007 SP - 58–67 ST - Roman coins as a source for Roman trading activities in the Indian Ocean SV - 1593 T2 - The Indian Ocean in the Ancient Period. Definite places, translocal exchange T3 - BAR International Series TI - Roman coins as a source for Roman trading activities in the Indian Ocean ID - 105 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Miller, J. I. CY - Oxford PB - Clarendon Press PY - 1969 RN - Review: Johnston, L. D. (1971). ‘review of The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C.–A.D. 641 by J. Innes Miller’, The Classical Journal 66.3: 280–281. ST - The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C.–A.D. 641 TI - The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C.–A.D. 641 ID - 6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morrison, Barrie M. DO - 10.2307/2754720 PY - 1968 SP - 71–85 ST - Sources, methods and concepts in early Indian history T2 - Pacific Affairs TI - Sources, methods and concepts in early Indian history VL - 41 ID - 67 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mouton, Michel AU - Sanlaville, Paul AU - Suire, Joël PY - 2006 SP - 777–808 ST - Le port sudarabique de Qâni' : palogographie et organisation urbaine T2 - Comptes rendus de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres TI - Le port sudarabique de Qâni' : palogographie et organisation urbaine VL - 150 ID - 113 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mulvin, L. AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. IS - 301 PY - 2004 SP - 602-617 ST - Roman game boards from Abu Sha’ar (Red Sea coast, Egypt) T2 - Antiquity. A Quarterly Review of Archaeology TI - Roman game boards from Abu Sha’ar (Red Sea coast, Egypt) VL - 78 ID - 144 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Agius, Dionisius A. A2 - Cooper, John P. A2 - Trakadas, Athena A2 - Zazzaro, Chiara AU - Nalesini, Oscar CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2012 SP - 77–84 ST - Sacred places and beings of the Red Sea littoral societies SV - 2346 T2 - Navigated Spaces, Connected Places. Proceedings of Red Sea Project V held at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 T3 - BAR International Series TI - Sacred places and beings of the Red Sea littoral societies ID - 135 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Blue, L. A2 - Cooper, J. A2 - Thomas, R. I. A2 - Whitewright, J. AU - Nappo, Dario CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2009 SP - 71–77 ST - Roman policy in the Red Sea between Anastasius and Justinian SV - 2052 T2 - Connected Hinterlands. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Peoples of the Red Sea Region T3 - BAR International Series TI - Roman policy in the Red Sea between Anastasius and Justinian ID - 130 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nappo, Dario IS - 1 PY - 2010 SP - 335-348 ST - On the location of Leuke Kome T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - On the location of Leuke Kome VL - 23 ID - 146 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Maiuri, Marco AU - Nappo, Dario CY - Leiden PB - E. J. Brill PY - 2015 SP - 55–72 ST - Roman policy on the Red Sea in the second century CE T2 - Across the Ocean: Nine essays on Indo-Mediterranean trade T3 - Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition TI - Roman policy on the Red Sea in the second century CE ID - 206 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wilson, A. A2 - Bowman, A. K. AU - Nappo, Dario CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2018 SP - 557–578 ST - Money and flows of coinage in the Red Sea trade T2 - Trade, Commerce, and the State T3 - Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy TI - Money and flows of coinage in the Red Sea trade ID - 213 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nicholson, P. T. PY - 1997 SP - 240–242 ST - review of Glass from Quseir-al-Qadim and the Indian Ocean trade - Meyer,C T2 - The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology TI - review of Glass from Quseir-al-Qadim and the Indian Ocean trade - Meyer,C VL - 83 ID - 149 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O’Connor, T. IS - 305 PY - 2005 SP - 696–698 ST - Review article: Ex India, semper aliquid novi? T2 - Antiquity. A Quarterly Review of Archaeology TI - Review article: Ex India, semper aliquid novi? VL - 79 ID - 23 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Parker, G. CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2008 ST - The Making of Roman India TI - The Making of Roman India ID - 34 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Parkin, D. AU - Barnes, R. CY - London PB - Routledge Curzon PY - 2002 ST - Ships and the Development of Maritime Technology in the Indian Ocean TI - Ships and the Development of Maritime Technology in the Indian Ocean ID - 96 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peacock, D. P. S. PY - 1993 SP - 226-232 ST - The site of Myos Hormos: a view from space T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - The site of Myos Hormos: a view from space VL - 6 ID - 152 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peacock, D. P. S. PY - 1994 SP - 457–458 ST - Rome and India T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - Rome and India VL - 7 ID - 13 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Peacock, D. P. S. AU - Blue, L. CY - Oxford PB - Oxbow Books PY - 2006 ST - Myos Hormos – Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic ports on the Red Sea TI - Myos Hormos – Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic ports on the Red Sea ID - 153 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Peacock, D. P. S. AU - Blue, L. CY - Oxford M1 - 2286 PB - Archaeopress PY - 2011 ST - Myos Hormos – Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic ports on the Red Sea. Volume 2: Finds from the excavations 1999–2003 T2 - BAR International Series TI - Myos Hormos – Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic ports on the Red Sea. Volume 2: Finds from the excavations 1999–2003 ID - 154 ER - TY - EDBOOK AU - Peacock, D. P. S. AU - Williams, D. CY - Oxford PB - Oxbow Books PY - 2007 ST - Food for the Gods. New light on the ancient incense trade TI - Food for the Gods. New light on the ancient incense trade ID - 122 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Power, Timothy CY - Cairo / New York PB - The American University in Cairo Press PY - 2012 ST - The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate AD 500-1000 TI - The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate AD 500-1000 ID - 137 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rao, S. R. PY - 1966 ST - Excavation at Amreli T2 - Museum Bulletin (Museum and Picture Gallery, Baroda (India)) TI - Excavation at Amreli VL - 18 ID - 77 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Temporini, H. A2 - Hasse, W. AU - Raschke, M. G. CY - Berlin PY - 1980 SP - 604–1378 ST - New studies in Roman commerce with the East T2 - Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, vol. II.9.2 TI - New studies in Roman commerce with the East ID - 24 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rathbone, D. PY - 2001 SP - 39–50 ST - The 'Muziris’ papyrus (SB XVIII 13167): financing Roman trade with India T2 - Alexandrian Studies II in Honor of Mostafa el Abbadi, Bulletin de la Société archéologique d’Alexandrie TI - The 'Muziris’ papyrus (SB XVIII 13167): financing Roman trade with India ID - 22 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ray, Himanshu P. DO - 10.2307/3632015 PY - 1988 SP - 311–325 ST - The Yavana presence in ancient India T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - The Yavana presence in ancient India VL - 31 ID - 72 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ray, Himanshu Prabha DO - 10.2307/3632371 PY - 1996 SP - 422–431 ST - Seafaring and maritime contacts: An agenda for historical analysis T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - Seafaring and maritime contacts: An agenda for historical analysis VL - 39 ID - 93 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ray, Himanshu P. IS - 1 PY - 2006 SP - 68–95 ST - The archaeology of Bengal: Trading networks, cultural identities T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - The archaeology of Bengal: Trading networks, cultural identities VL - 49 ID - 94 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Reinaud, J. T. CY - Paris M1 - 24 PB - Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres PY - 1864 ST - Mémoire sur le Périple de la mer Érythrée et sur la navigation des mers orientales au milieu du troisième siècle de l’ère chrétienne, d’après les témoignages grecs, latins, arabes, persans, indiens et chinois T2 - Mémoires de l’ Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres TI - Mémoire sur le Périple de la mer Érythrée et sur la navigation des mers orientales au milieu du troisième siècle de l’ère chrétienne, d’après les témoignages grecs, latins, arabes, persans, indiens et chinois UR - http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moire_sur_le_P%C3%A9riple_de_la_mer_%C3%89rythr%C3%A9e ID - 65 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - Robin, Christian CY - New Delhi KW - INDIA INDIA AND ROME INDIAN OCEAN INDO-ROMAN TRADE LIGHT MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS OF THE ERYTHRAEAN SEA SEA TRADE LA - English LB - 6503 PB - Manohar PY - 1997 RI - N RP - In File SP - 41–65 ST - The Date of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea in the Light of South Arabian Evidence T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean Contacts with India TI - The date of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea in the light of South Arabian evidence Y2 - 1997 ID - 61 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - Robin, Christian CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 41–65 ST - The date of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea in the light of South Arabian evidence T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - The date of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea in the light of South Arabian evidence ID - 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Robin, Christian AU - Gorea, Maria PY - 2002 SP - 409–445 ST - Les vestiges antiques de la grotte de Hôq (Suqutra, Ymen) (note d'information) T2 - Comptes rendus de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres TI - Les vestiges antiques de la grotte de Hôq (Suqutra, Ymen) (note d'information) VL - 146 ID - 114 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodriguez Adrados, F. PY - 1994 SP - 7–18 ST - Contactos culturales entre la India y Grecia T2 - Synthesis TI - Contactos culturales entre la India y Grecia VL - 1 ID - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rowland, Benjamin DO - 10.2307/3248889 PY - 1958 SP - 282–284 ST - Gandhara art in Rome T2 - Artibus Asiae TI - Gandhara art in Rome VL - 21 ID - 36 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salles, J. F. DO - 10.2307/206116 IS - 1 PY - 1994 SP - 103–107 ST - review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley, Richard Daniel de Puma T2 - The Journal of Interdisciplinary History TI - review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley, Richard Daniel de Puma VL - 25 ID - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A handful of little known fragments of inscriptions in Indian languages and scripts found in Egypt provide epigraphical corroboration for the copious testimony of classical sources about the flourishing trade between India and the Roman Empire. These include three records from the Red Sea port of Quseir, one in Prakrit and two in Old Tamil, whose linguistic and paleographic features point toward South India as the place of origin of the Indian merchants in Egypt. This accords with the evidence from a fragmentary Greek farce from Oxyrhyncus containing garbled imitations of an Indian language which, according to some scholars, may be an archaic form of Kannada or some other Dravidian language. Also, a Greek inscription from RedÄ“sÄ«ye invoking the blessings of Pan apparently bears the name of a Hellenized Indian Σόφων, perhaps = Subhānu. Thus the epigraphic material attests to the presence of both temporary sojourners and long-term assimilated residents among Indians in Egypt during the early centuries of the Christian era AU - Salomon, Richard DO - 10.2307/603404 PY - 1991 SP - 731–736 ST - Epigraphic remains of Indian traders in Egypt T2 - Journal of the American Oriental Society TI - Epigraphic remains of Indian traders in Egypt VL - 111 ID - 44 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sayed, Abdel Monem DO - 10.2307/3856434 PY - 1978 SP - 69–71 ST - The recently discovered port on the Red Sea shore T2 - The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology TI - The recently discovered port on the Red Sea shore VL - 64 ID - 124 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schiettecatte, J. PY - 2008 SP - 65-90 ST - Ports et commerce maritime dans l’Arabie du Sud préislamique T2 - Chroniques Yéménites TI - Ports et commerce maritime dans l’Arabie du Sud préislamique UR - http://cy.revues.org/1671 VL - 15 ID - 118 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schoff, Wilfred H. DO - 10.2307/27900404 PY - 1912 SP - 637–638 ST - A postscript to Indo-Roman relations in the first century T2 - The Monist TI - A postscript to Indo-Roman relations in the first century VL - 22 ID - 40 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schörle, K. PY - 2011 ST - From Harbour to Desert: An integrated interface on the Red Sea and its impact on the Eastern Egyptian Desert T2 - Bolletino di Archeologia Online TI - From Harbour to Desert: An integrated interface on the Red Sea and its impact on the Eastern Egyptian Desert UR - http://151.12.58.75/archeologia/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&_id=32&Itemid=32 ID - 190 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwarz, F. F. PY - 1994 SP - 439–465 ST - Magna India Pliniana. Zur Berichtsweise in der naturalis historia [Spairos. Festschrift Hans Schwabel 2] T2 - Wiener Studien TI - Magna India Pliniana. Zur Berichtsweise in der naturalis historia [Spairos. Festschrift Hans Schwabel 2] VL - 108 ID - 47 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Ray, Himanshu Prabha A2 - Salles, Jean François AU - Sedov, A. V. CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 1994 SP - 11–35 ST - Qana' (Yemen) and the Indian Ocean. The archaeological evidence T2 - Tradition and Archaeology. Early maritime Ccontacts in the Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the International Seminar Techno-Archaeological Perspectives of Seafaring in the Indian Ocean, 4th cent. B.C. - 15th cent. A.D. New Delhi, February 28-March 4, 1994 TI - Qana' (Yemen) and the Indian Ocean. The archaeological evidence ID - 115 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Avanzini, A. AU - Sedov, Alexander V. CY - Roma PB - «L'Erma» di Bretschneider PY - 1997 SP - 365–383 ST - Sea-trade of the Hadramawt Kingdom from the 1st to the 6th Century A.D T2 - Profumi d'Arabia. Atti del Convegno TI - Sea-trade of the Hadramawt Kingdom from the 1st to the 6th Century A.D ID - 116 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seeger, J. AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. PY - 2005 SP - 18–20 ST - Marsa Nakari: An ancient port on the Red Sea T2 - Egyptian Archaeology: Bulletin of the Egypt Exploration Society TI - Marsa Nakari: An ancient port on the Red Sea VL - 26 ID - 157 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Seland, Eivind Heldaas AU - Seland, Eivind Heldaas CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2007 SP - 68–82 ST - Ports, Ptolemy, Periplus and poetry — Romans in Tamil South India and on the Bay of Bengal SV - 1593 T2 - The Indian Ocean in the Ancient Period. Definite places, translocal exchange T3 - BAR International Series TI - Ports, Ptolemy, Periplus and poetry — Romans in Tamil South India and on the Bay of Bengal ID - 106 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Seland, Eivind Heldaas CY - Oxford M1 - 2102 PB - Archaeopress PY - 2010 ST - Ports and Political Power in the Periplus: Complex societies and maritime trade on the Indian Ocean in the first century AD T2 - BAR International Series TI - Ports and Political Power in the Periplus: Complex societies and maritime trade on the Indian Ocean in the first century AD ID - 63 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Agius, Dionisius A. A2 - Cooper, John P. A2 - Trakadas, Athena A2 - Zazzaro, Chiara AB - The Liber Pontificalis, or "Book of Pontiffs" is an early medieval collection of biographies of the first ninety bishops of Rome. Sylvester (314–335) was in office for most of the reign of Constantine I (306/312–337), who was the first Roman Emperor to tolerate Christian religion, and who financed the construction of a number of churches. Silvester's biography in the Liber Pontificalis contains lists of gifts given by the emperor for the upkeep of the churches he built in Rome. Many of these gifts were estates in different parts of the Roman Empire, some of them yielding as revenue commodities originating from Red Sea and Indian Ocean commerce. The Liber Pontificalis has received little attention in the scholarship on ancient Red Sea commerce, and has mostly been utilised briefly as evidence of the fourth-century economy, or church involvement in the eastern trade. In addition to this, this paper argues that it can also be used to study the early-mid fourth century Red Sea trade itself, through the pattern of distribution of products and estates mentioned in the text. AU - Seland, Eivind Heldaas CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2012 SP - 117–126 ST - The Liber Pontificalis and Red Sea trade of the early to mid 4th century AD SV - 2346 T2 - Navigated Spaces, Connected Places. Proceedings of Red Sea Project V held at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 T3 - BAR International Series TI - The Liber Pontificalis and Red Sea trade of the early to mid 4th century AD ID - 136 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the millennium after 300 BC, the western Indian Ocean emerged as a main hub of Old World exchange. Study of this commerce long depended on separate regional archaeologies and a handful of literary sources with Western/Roman bias. A recent surge in scholarly interest has led to a vast increase in data that has fostered a more balanced understanding of the commercial, human, and material aspects of ancient Indian Ocean trade. This review summarizes recent research on the topic and assesses its significance to wider scholarly debates on scale, organization, connectivity, agency, and social cohesion in ancient trade and exchange. AU - Seland, Eivind Heldaas DO - 10.1007/s10814-014-9075-7 PY - 2014 SP - 367–402 ST - Archaeology of trade in the Western Indian Ocean, 300 BC–AD 700 T2 - Journal of Archaeological Research TI - Archaeology of trade in the Western Indian Ocean, 300 BC–AD 700 VL - 22 ID - 201 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seldeslachts, E. PY - 1998 SP - 273–299 ST - Translated loans and loan translations as evidence of Graeco-Indian bilingualism in antiquity T2 - L’Antiquité classique TI - Translated loans and loan translations as evidence of Graeco-Indian bilingualism in antiquity VL - 67 ID - 48 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sharma, R. S. DO - 10.2307/4357958 PY - 1967 SP - 917–918 ST - Indo-Roman trade T2 - Economic and Political Weekly TI - Indo-Roman trade VL - 2 ID - 70 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sharma, R. S. CY - New Delhi PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2009 ST - Rethinking India’s Past T2 - Oxford India Paperbacks TI - Rethinking India’s Past ID - 75 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sharma, R. S. AU - Jha, D. N. DO - 10.2307/3596250 PY - 1974 SP - 48–80 ST - The economic history of India up to AD 1200: Trends and prospects T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - The economic history of India up to AD 1200: Trends and prospects VL - 17 ID - 71 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shcheglov, D. A. IS - 4 PY - 2005 SP - 359–380 ST - Hipparchus on the latitude of Southern India T2 - Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies TI - Hipparchus on the latitude of Southern India VL - 45 ID - 54 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Agius, Dionysius A. A2 - Cooper, John P. A2 - Trakadas, Athena A2 - Zazzaro, Chiara AU - Sheehan, Peter CY - Oxford PB - Archaeopress PY - 2012 SP - 103–115 ST - The port of Babylon in Egypt SV - 2346 T2 - Navigated Spaces, Connected Places: Proceedings of Red Sea Project V held at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 T3 - BAR International Series TI - The port of Babylon in Egypt ID - 197 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. IS - 3 PY - 1986 SP - 590–602 ST - Aelius Gallus and Arabia T2 - Latomus. Revue d’études latines TI - Aelius Gallus and Arabia VL - 45 ID - 107 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. CY - Leiden PB - E. J. Brill PY - 1986 ST - Roman Economic Policy in the Erythra Thalassa 30 B.C.-A.D. 217 TI - Roman Economic Policy in the Erythra Thalassa 30 B.C.-A.D. 217 ID - 125 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. PY - 1986 SP - 16–36 ST - Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India trade T2 - Münsterische Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte TI - Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India trade VL - 5 ID - 127 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Fahd, T. AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. CY - Leiden PB - E. J. Brill PY - 1989 SP - 195–223 ST - Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India trade T2 - L'Arabie préislamique et son environnement historique et culturel. Actes du Colloque de Strasbourg, 24-27 juin 1987 TI - Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India trade ID - 128 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. DO - 10.2307/27691235 PY - 1992 SP - 732–734 ST - review of Roman Coins from India by Paula J. Turner T2 - Gnomon TI - review of Roman Coins from India by Paula J. Turner VL - 64 ID - 80 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. PY - 1994 SP - 133-158 ST - Preliminary report on the 1990–1991 seasons of fieldwork at ‘Abu Sha’ar (Red Sea coast) T2 - Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt TI - Preliminary report on the 1990–1991 seasons of fieldwork at ‘Abu Sha’ar (Red Sea coast) VL - 31 ID - 143 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Reade, Julian E. AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. CY - London PB - Kegan Paul International PY - 1996 SP - 290–308 ST - Roman interests in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean T2 - The Indian Ocean in Antiquity TI - Roman interests in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean ID - 126 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Avanzini, A. AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. CY - Roma PB - «L'Erma» di Bretschneider PY - 1997 SP - 385–393 ST - Caravans across the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Recent discoveries on the Berenice-Apollinopolis Magna-Coptos roads T2 - Profumi d'Arabia. Atti del Convegno TI - Caravans across the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Recent discoveries on the Berenice-Apollinopolis Magna-Coptos roads ID - 185 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. PY - 2002 SP - 217-240 ST - Late Roman Berenike T2 - Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt TI - Late Roman Berenike VL - 39 ID - 165 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. CY - Berkeley, Los Angeles PB - University of California Press PY - 2011 ST - Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route TI - Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route ID - 172 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Mathew, K. S. AB - This paper discusses new, revised, and neglected sources for imperial Rome's economic, diplomatic, and military activities in the Red Sea basin and on the Indian West coast. It also explores Rome's military and diplomatic investment into the security of crucial trade routes as a means to further long distance trade in order to guarantee high levels of tax income. AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2015 SP - 129–178 ST - Roman Ports on the Red Sea and their contacts with Africa, Arabia and South Asia: Ancient literary and recent archaeological evidence T2 - Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New perspectives on maritime trade TI - Roman Ports on the Red Sea and their contacts with Africa, Arabia and South Asia: Ancient literary and recent archaeological evidence ID - 216 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. DO - 10.1080/00856401.2017.1301184 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 426–428 ST - review of Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade. Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Exchange Relations, by Rajan Gurukkal T2 - South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies TI - review of Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade. Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Exchange Relations, by Rajan Gurukkal VL - 40 ID - 214 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Hense, Martin AU - Nouwens, Hendrijke M. CY - Cairo PB - The American University in Cairo Press PY - 2008 ST - The Red Land. The illustrated archaeology of Egypt's Eastern Desert TI - The Red Land. The illustrated archaeology of Egypt's Eastern Desert ID - 179 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Wendrich, Willemina PY - 1996 SP - 15–18 ST - Berenike: Roman Egypt's maritime gateway to Arabia and India T2 - Egyptian Archaeology: Bulletin of the Egypt Exploration Society TI - Berenike: Roman Egypt's maritime gateway to Arabia and India VL - 8 ID - 168 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Wendrich, Willemina Z. CY - Leiden PB - Research School CNWS PY - 1995 ST - Berenike 1994. Preliminary Report of the 1994 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert TI - Berenike 1994. Preliminary Report of the 1994 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert ID - 158 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Wendrich, Willemina Z. CY - Leiden PB - Research School CNWS PY - 1996 ST - Berenike 1995. Preliminary Report of the 1995 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert TI - Berenike 1995. Preliminary Report of the 1995 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert ID - 159 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Wendrich, Willemina Z. CY - Leiden PB - Research School CNWS; School of Asian, Afrian and Amerindian Studies PY - 1998 RN - Review: Maxfield, V. (2000). ‘Berenike on the Red Sea and its hinterland’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 13.2: 698–701. ST - Berenike 1996. Report of the 1996 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert T2 - CNWS Special Series TI - Berenike 1996. Report of the 1996 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert ID - 160 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Wendrich, Willemina Z. CY - Leiden M1 - 3 PB - Research School CNWS; School of Asian, Afrian and Amerindian Studies PY - 1999 ST - Berenike 1997. Report of the 1997 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert, Including Excavations at Shenshef T2 - CNWS Special Series TI - Berenike 1997. Report of the 1997 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert, Including Excavations at Shenshef ID - 162 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Wendrich, Willemina Z. CY - Leiden M1 - 4 PB - Research School CNWS; School of Asian, Afrian and Amerindian Studies PY - 2000 ST - Berenike 1998. Report of the 1998 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert T2 - CNWS Special Series TI - Berenike 1998. Report of the 1998 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert ID - 163 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Wendrich, Willemina Z. IS - 3 PY - 2002 SP - 28-31 ST - Berenike: A Ptolemaic Roman port on the ancient maritime spice and incense route T2 - Minerva TI - Berenike: A Ptolemaic Roman port on the ancient maritime spice and incense route VL - 13 ID - 164 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Zitterkopf, R. E. IS - 2 PY - 1995 SP - 39 ST - Routes through the Eastern Desert of Egypt T2 - Expedition Bulletin of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania TI - Routes through the Eastern Desert of Egypt VL - 37 ID - 183 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Sidebotham, Steven E. A2 - Wendrich, Willemina Z. AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Zitterkopf, Ronald E. CY - Leiden PB - Research School CNWS PY - 1996 SP - 357–409 ST - Survey of the hinterland T2 - Berenike 1995. Preliminary Report of the 1995 Excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert TI - Survey of the hinterland ID - 188 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Zitterkopf, R. E. IS - 3 PY - 2006 SP - 34-35 ST - Surveying the Via Nova Hadriana: The Emperor Hadrian’s Desert Highway in Egypt T2 - Minerva TI - Surveying the Via Nova Hadriana: The Emperor Hadrian’s Desert Highway in Egypt VL - 17 ID - 187 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Zitterkopf, R. E. AU - Helm, C. C. PY - 1998 SP - 115 ST - Survey of the Via Hadriana: The 1998 season T2 - Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt TI - Survey of the Via Hadriana: The 1998 season VL - 37 ID - 186 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidebotham, Steven E. AU - Zitterkopf, R. E. AU - Riley, J. A. IS - 4 PY - 1991 SP - 571–622 ST - Survey of the Abu Sha’ar-Nile Road T2 - American Journal of Archaeology TI - Survey of the Abu Sha’ar-Nile Road VL - 95 ID - 182 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sijpesteijn, P. J. PY - 1963 SP - 70–83 ST - Der POTAMOS TRAIANOS T2 - Aegyptus: rivista italiana di egittologia e di papirologia TI - Der POTAMOS TRAIANOS VL - 43 ID - 193 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Singh, A. K. PB - South Asia Books PY - 1988 ST - Indo-Roman Trade: An archaeological perspective TI - Indo-Roman Trade: An archaeological perspective ID - 8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sinopoli, C. M. DO - 10.2307/2059097 IS - 4 PY - 1992 SP - 948–949 ST - review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley and Richard Daniel De Puma T2 - The Journal of Asian Studies TI - review of Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade by Vimala Begley and Richard Daniel De Puma VL - 51 ID - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Vincent A. DO - 10.2307/25208476 PY - 1903 SP - 1–64 ST - The Kushan, or Indo-Scythian, period of Indian history, B.C. 165 to A.D. 320 T2 - Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland TI - The Kushan, or Indo-Scythian, period of Indian history, B.C. 165 to A.D. 320 ID - 68 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Mathew, K. S. AB - This paper discusses new, revised, and neglected sources for imperial Rome's economic, diplomatic, and military activities in the Red Sea basin and on the Indian West coast. It also explores Rome's military and diplomatic investment into the security of crucial trade routes as a means to further long distance trade in order to guarantee high levels of tax income. AU - Speidel, Michael Alexander CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2015 SP - 83–128 ST - Wars, trade and treaties. New, revised, and neglected sources for the political, diplomatic, and military aspects of imperial Rome’s relations with the Red Sea basin and India, from Augustus to Diocletian T2 - Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New perspectives on maritime trade TI - Wars, trade and treaties. New, revised, and neglected sources for the political, diplomatic, and military aspects of imperial Rome’s relations with the Red Sea basin and India, from Augustus to Diocletian ID - 208 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stoneman, R. IS - 1 PY - 1994 SP - 93 ST - Romantic ethnography: central Asia and India in the Alexander romance T2 - The Ancient World TI - Romantic ethnography: central Asia and India in the Alexander romance VL - 25 ID - 27 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Suresh, S. CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2004 ST - Symbols of Trade: Roman and pseudo-Roman objects found in India TI - Symbols of Trade: Roman and pseudo-Roman objects found in India ID - 76 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - Tchernia, André CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 250–276 ST - Winds and coins: From the supposed discovery of the Monsoon to the denarii of Tiberius T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - Winds and coins: From the supposed discovery of the Monsoon to the denarii of Tiberius ID - 53 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - Tchernia, André CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 238–249 ST - The dromedary of the Peticii and trade with the East T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean Contacts with India TI - The dromedary of the Peticii and trade with the East ID - 180 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Thapar, Romila CY - New Delhi PB - Oxford University Press PY - 1994 ST - Interpreting Early India T2 - Oxford India Paperbacks TI - Interpreting Early India ID - 73 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Tchernia, André AU - Thapar, Romila CY - New Delhi PB - Manohar PY - 2005 SP - 11–40 ST - Early Mediterranean contacts with India: An overview T2 - Crossings. Early Mediterranean contacts with India TI - Early Mediterranean contacts with India: An overview ID - 51 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tomber, Roberta PY - 2000 SP - 624–631 ST - Indo-Roman trade: the ceramic evidence from Egypt T2 - Antiquity. A Quarterly Review of Archaeology TI - Indo-Roman trade: the ceramic evidence from Egypt VL - 74 ID - 49 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tomber, Roberta PY - 2007 SP - 48 ST - Roman & Sassanian wine in India T2 - Minerva TI - Roman & Sassanian wine in India VL - 18 ID - 86 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ever since Wheeler's triumphant discovery of Roman pottery at Arikamedu in the 1940s, it has been appreciated that the east coast of India was in reach of the Roman Empire. Tracking down the finds of Roman pottery on the Indian sub-continent reported since then, the author discovered that many of the supposed Roman amphorae were actually ‘torpedo jars’ from Mesopotamia. Here the areas of influence of these two great imports, probably of wine, are mapped for the first time. AU - Tomber, Roberta PY - 2007 SP - 972–988 ST - Rome and Mesopotamia–importers into India in the first millennium AD T2 - Antiquity TI - Rome and Mesopotamia–importers into India in the first millennium AD VL - 81 ID - 205 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Tomber, Roberta CY - London PB - Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd PY - 2008 ST - Indo-Roman Trade: From pots to pepper. TI - Indo-Roman Trade: From pots to pepper. ID - 20 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tripati, S. IS - 282 PY - 1999 SP - 827-835 ST - Marine investigations in the Lakshadweep Islands, India T2 - Antiquity. A Quarterly Review of Archaeology TI - Marine investigations in the Lakshadweep Islands, India VL - 73 ID - 97 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tripati, S. AU - Gaur Sundaresh, A. S. AU - Bandodker, S. AU - Bandodker, S. N. IS - 3 PY - 2001 SP - 355–367 ST - Exploration for Shipwrecks of Sunchi Reef, Goa, West Coast of India T2 - World Archaeology TI - Exploration for Shipwrecks of Sunchi Reef, Goa, West Coast of India VL - 32 ID - 99 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tripati, S. AU - Gaur Sundaresh, A. S. AU - Bandodker, S. AU - Bandodker, S. N. IS - 3 PY - 2001 SP - 355–367 ST - Exploration for Shipwrecks of Sunchi Reef, Goa, West Coast of India T2 - World Archaeology TI - Exploration for Shipwrecks of Sunchi Reef, Goa, West Coast of India VL - 32 ID - 101 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tripati, S. AU - Gudigar, P. IS - 1 PY - 2001 SP - 37–47 ST - Shipwreck archaeology of the Lakshadweep Islands, west coast of India T2 - International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration TI - Shipwreck archaeology of the Lakshadweep Islands, west coast of India VL - 30 ID - 100 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tripati, S. AU - Manikfan, A. AU - Mohamed, M. IS - 1 PY - 2005 SP - 131–137 ST - An Indo-Arabian type of stone anchor from Kannur, Kerala, west coast of India T2 - International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration TI - An Indo-Arabian type of stone anchor from Kannur, Kerala, west coast of India VL - 34 ID - 103 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tripati, S. AU - Parthiban, G. AU - Vora, K. H. AU - Bandodker, S. N. IS - 2 PY - 2003 SP - 225–237 ST - Lead ingots from a shipwreck off Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu, East Coast of India: evidence for overseas trade and their significance T2 - International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration TI - Lead ingots from a shipwreck off Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu, East Coast of India: evidence for overseas trade and their significance VL - 32 ID - 102 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Turner, P. J. CY - London PB - Royal Numismatic Society PY - 1989 RN - Review: Sidebotham, S. E. (1992). ‘review of Roman Coins from India by Paula J. Turner’, Gnomon 64.8: 732–734. ST - Roman Coins from India TI - Roman Coins from India ID - 79 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Studies of food and foodways are vital to exploring past (and present) cultures. The food remains discovered at the port of Quseir al-Qadim are especially revealing, offering important information about the ancient spice trade and the food practices of those engaged in this trade. Quseir al-Qadim acted as a transhipment port in the Indian Ocean spice trade during both the Roman and medieval Islamic periods. It is located on the Red Sea coast of Egypt and was active between ca. AD 1-250 (Myos Hormos) and again during ca. AD 1050-1500 (Kusayr). This monograph describes the analysis and interpretation of the botanical remains (foodstuffs, wood) recovered during the excavations that took place between 1999-2003, conducted by the University of Southampton, UK. The spectacular preservation conditions at Quseir al-Qadim meant that food remains and wood were found in abundance, including fragments of onion skin, citrus rind, garlic cloves, aubergine seeds, banana skins, wooden bowls, spoons and combs, as well as many of the Eastern spices traded through the port, such as black pepper, ginger, cardamom and betelnut. These remains are fully analysed and discussed under three overarching themes: trade, agricultural innovation and food consumption. The results provide significant new evidence for the Eastern trade and for the changes in agriculture that indirectly resulted from it. They also allow real insights into the lives of those working in the ports. They show the changes in the nature and scale of the Indian Ocean trade between the Roman and Islamic periods, as well as a major shift in the way the inhabitants of the ports saw themselves and located themselves in the wider world. Richly illustrated and thought-provoking, this volume identifies how studies of food enable fuller dialogues regarding 'globalization' and also highlights clearly the importance of food in the dynamics of cultural identity and geopolitics. AU - Van der Veen, Marijke CY - Frankfurt am Main KW - RED SEA INDO-ROMAN TRADE BERENICE BERENIKE MYOS HORMOS FOOD BOTANICAL REMAINS M1 - 6 PB - Africa Magna Verlag PY - 2011 SN - 9783937248233 ST - Consumption, trade and innovation: exploring the botanical remains from the Roman and Islamic ports at Quseir al-Qadim, Egypt T2 - Journal of African Archaeology Monograph Series TI - Consumption, Trade and Innovation: Exploring the botanical remains from the Roman and Islamic ports at Quseir al-Qadim, Egypt UR - https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wruovzCWdBsC ID - 156 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vickers, Michael PY - 1994 SP - 231–248 ST - Nabataea, India, Gaul, and Carthage. Reflections on Hellenistic and Roman gold vessels and red-gloss pottery T2 - American Journal of Archaeology TI - Nabataea, India, Gaul, and Carthage. Reflections on Hellenistic and Roman gold vessels and red-gloss pottery VL - 98 ID - 35 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Lewin, A. S. A2 - Pellegrini, P. AU - Villeneuve, F. CY - Oxford PB - Archeopress PY - 2007 SP - 13-27 ST - L’armée romaine en mer Rouge et autour de la mer Rouge aux IIème et IIIème siècles apr. J. C.: à propos de deux inscriptions latines découvertes sur l’archipel Farasan SV - 1717 T2 - The Late Roman Army in the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest. Proceedings of a colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italy (May 2005) T3 - BAR International Series TI - L’armée romaine en mer Rouge et autour de la mer Rouge aux IIème et IIIème siècles apr. J. C.: à propos de deux inscriptions latines découvertes sur l’archipel Farasan ID - 175 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Villeneuve, F. PY - 2007 SP - 289-296 ST - Farasân Latin inscriptions and Bukharin’s ideas: no pontifex Herculis and other comments T2 - Arabia TI - Farasân Latin inscriptions and Bukharin’s ideas: no pontifex Herculis and other comments VL - 4 ID - 177 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Villeneuve, F. M3 - Extrait du Archologies et Sciences de l'Antiquit (UMR 7041) PY - 2009 ST - Les îles Farasan et la mer Rouge TI - Les îles Farasan et la mer Rouge UR - http:// www.mae.u-paris10.fr/arscan/Les-iles-Farasan-et-la-mer-Rouge.html ID - 178 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Villeneuve, F. AU - Philipps, C. AU - Facey, W. PY - 2004 SP - 143–190 ST - Une inscription latine de l'archipel Farasan (sud de la mer Rouge) et son contexte archéologique et historique T2 - Arabia TI - Une inscription latine de l'archipel Farasan (sud de la mer Rouge) et son contexte archéologique et historique VL - 2 ID - 173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Villeneuve, F. AU - Philipps, C. AU - Facey, W. PY - 2004 SP - 143-190 ST - Une inscription latine de l’archipel Farasan (sud de la mer Rouge) et son contexte archéologique et historique T2 - Arabia TI - Une inscription latine de l’archipel Farasan (sud de la mer Rouge) et son contexte archéologique et historique VL - 2 ID - 174 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vosmer, T. IS - 2 PY - 1999 SP - 248–263 ST - Indo-Arabian stone anchors in the western Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea T2 - Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy TI - Indo-Arabian stone anchors in the western Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea VL - 10 ID - 104 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ward, C. IS - 1 PY - 2003 SP - 124–125 ST - Early navigation and trade in the Indian Ocean T2 - International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration TI - Early navigation and trade in the Indian Ocean VL - 32 ID - 95 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Warmington, E. H. CY - Cambridge LA - eng PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 1928 RN - Review: A.G. (1929). ‘review of The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India by E. H. Warmington’, Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 18.69: 157–158. ST - The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India TI - The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India ID - 1 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Warmington, E. H. CY - London ET - 2nd LA - eng PB - Curzon Press PY - 1974 ST - The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India TI - The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India ID - 2 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Weerakkody, D. P. M. CY - Turnhout PB - Brepols PY - 1997 ST - Taprobanê: ancient Sri Lanka as known to Greeks and Romans TI - Taprobanê: ancient Sri Lanka as known to Greeks and Romans ID - 28 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The harbor town of Berenike functioned in the long-distance trade between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean Basin from the third century BC to the early sixth century AD. This contribution aims to view the Berenike material within its wider historical context through a preliminary analysis of the combined archaeological and textual evidence. By comparing the results of the work of different specialists, the potential of a multi-disciplinary approach becomes apparent. A number of caveats are given, which illustrate the interpretative problems arising from comparing the results of different disciplines. Lastly, this attempt at integration shows that the discrepancies between the different sources offer important insights. AU - Wendrich, W. Z. AU - Tomber, R. S. AU - Sidebotham, S. E. AU - Harrell, J. A. AU - Cappers, R. T. J. AU - Bagnall, R. S. DO - 10.2307/3632804 PY - 2003 SP - 46–87 ST - Berenike Crossroads: The integration of information T2 - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient TI - Berenike Crossroads: The integration of information VL - 46 ID - 167 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wheeler, R. Eric Mortimer CY - London PB - Bell PY - 1954 RN - Review: Cohn, W. (1956). ‘review of Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers by Mortimer Wheeler; Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum by Douglas Barrett’, The Burlington Magazine 98.642: 337–338. ST - Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers TI - Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers ID - 3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wheeler, R. Eric Mortimer AU - Ghosh, A. AU - Deva, Krishna PY - 1946 SP - 17–124 ST - Arikamedu: An Indo-Roman trading station on the East coast of India T2 - Ancient India TI - Arikamedu: An Indo-Roman trading station on the East coast of India VL - 2 ID - 87 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitcomb, D. S. IS - 2 PY - 1996 SP - 747-772 ST - Quseir al-Qadim and the location of Myos Hormos T2 - Topoi TI - Quseir al-Qadim and the location of Myos Hormos VL - 6 ID - 150 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Whitcomb, D. S. AU - Johnson, J. H. CY - Cairo PB - American Research Center in Egypt PY - 1979 ST - Quseir al-Qadim 1978: Preliminary report TI - Quseir al-Qadim 1978: Preliminary report ID - 147 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitehouse, David PY - 1989 SP - 93 ST - Begram, the Periplus and Gandharan art T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - Begram, the Periplus and Gandharan art VL - 2 ID - 38 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitehouse, David PY - 1990 SP - 489–493 ST - The Periplus Maris Erythraei T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - The Periplus Maris Erythraei VL - 3 ID - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitehouse, David AU - Williamson, Andrew DO - 10.2307/4300483 PY - 1973 SP - 29–49 ST - Sasanian maritime trade T2 - Iran TI - Sasanian maritime trade VL - 11 ID - 92 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The trade networks between the Mediterranean World and the Indian Ocean represent some of the longest maritime routes that were traversed in antiquity. Sea routes stretched from the Red Sea ports of the Egyptian coast, along the East African coast as far as Zanzibar, around the Arabian peninsula to north-west India, and directly across the Indian Ocean from Socotra to modern day Kerala. The mechanics of these routes are well attested through historical documents, for example the Periplus Maris Erythriae. which provide an overview of the extent, general timings, goods and routes of trade. By contrast, the ships that were the main vehicles of this trade are harder to uncover, in part due to the absence of shipwreck evidence of the type seen in the Mediterranean. Archaeological work at the Egyptian ports of Myos Hormos and Berenike has provided a less direct means to uncover the ships of the Indo-Roman world through the recovery of recycled and discarded maritime components from excavated layers at both sites. This archaeological evidence forms the main focus of this paper, allowing a more detailed picture of construction methods, rigging practice, and potential performance to be formulated. Exploration of these themes in turn allows wider comment on the relationship between maritime technologies in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean during the early first millennium AD to be made. AU - Whitewright, Julian DO - 10.11116/HEROM.6.2.1 IS - 2 PY - 2017 SP - 137-172 ST - The ships and shipping of Indo-Roman trade: A view from the Egyptian Red Sea ports T2 - HEROM TI - The ships and shipping of Indo-Roman trade: A view from the Egyptian Red Sea ports VL - 6 ID - 215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whittaker, C. R. IS - 2 PY - 2000 SP - 691–692 ST - Contacts with India [review article] T2 - Journal of Roman Archaeology TI - Contacts with India [review article] VL - 13 ID - 18 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Barnes, R. AU - Wild, J. P. AU - Wild, F. C. CY - London PB - Routledge Curzon PY - 2005 SP - 11-16 ST - Rome and India: Early Indian cotton textiles from Berenike, Red Sea coast of Egypt T2 - Textiles in Indian Ocean Societies TI - Rome and India: Early Indian cotton textiles from Berenike, Red Sea coast of Egypt ID - 169 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Barnes, Ruth AU - Wild, John Peter AU - Wild, Felicity C. CY - London PB - Routledge Curzon PY - 2005 SP - 11–16 ST - Rome and India: early Indian cotton textiles from Berenike, Red Sea coast of Egypt T2 - Textiles in Indian Ocean Societies TI - Rome and India: early Indian cotton textiles from Berenike, Red Sea coast of Egypt ID - 209 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Eiring, Jonas A2 - Lund, John AU - Will, Elizabeth Lyding CY - Athens PB - Danish Institute at Athens PY - 2004 SP - 433–440 ST - Mediterranean amphoras in India T2 - Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean T3 - Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens TI - Mediterranean amphoras in India ID - 84 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Eiring, Jonas A2 - Lund, John AU - Williams, D. F. CY - Athens PB - Danish Institute at Athens PY - 2004 SP - 441–450 ST - The eruption of Vesuvius and its implications for the early Roman amphora trade with India T2 - Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean T3 - Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens TI - The eruption of Vesuvius and its implications for the early Roman amphora trade with India ID - 85 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - De Romanis, Federico A2 - Maiuri, Marco AU - Wilson, Andrew Ian CY - Leiden PB - E. J. Brill PY - 2015 SP - 13–32 ST - Red Sea trade and the State T2 - Across the Ocean: Nine essays on Indo-Mediterranean trade T3 - Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition TI - Red Sea trade and the State ID - 207 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, G. K. PY - 1997 SP - 266–268 ST - The customs-collector at the Nabataean port of Leuke Kome (Periplus Maris Erythraei 19) T2 - Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik TI - The customs-collector at the Nabataean port of Leuke Kome (Periplus Maris Erythraei 19) VL - 119 ID - 145 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Young, G. K. CY - London PB - Routledge PY - 2001 ST - Rome’s Eastern Trade. International commerce and imperial policy 31 BC – AD 305 TI - Rome’s Eastern Trade. International commerce and imperial policy 31 BC – AD 305 ID - 19 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zitterkopf, R. E. AU - Sidebotham, Steven PY - 1989 SP - 155–189 ST - Stations and towers on the Quseir-Nile road T2 - The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology TI - Stations and towers on the Quseir-Nile road VL - 75 ID - 181 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zuiderhoek, A. PY - 2006 T2 - Bryn Mawr Classical Review UR - http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2006/2006-10-41.html VL - 2006.10.41 ID - 171 ER -